【作者】 田永英；

【导师】 张玉坤；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 当前中国正处于城镇化快速发展阶段,大城市的数量和规模都以惊人的速度增长。由于我国农村人口多,建设用地资源短缺,城镇化压力较大,传统的单中心模式已不适应现阶段大城市发展的需求。因此,多中心模式必然成为优化城市结构的有效途径,如北京、上海、广州等城市正有计划、由近及远地发展市郊居住区、工业区等新城,逐步构建多中心城市。然而,目前我国的多中心发展模式存在着低标准化和泛滥化等现象,有的城市还没有形成多中心的空间结构,有的多中心结构发展的也极不均衡,在解决大城市环境污染、交通拥挤等城市问题方面收效甚微,没有完全发挥出多中心模式的优势。解决大城市多中心发展过程中存在的问题,正确把握大城市多中心发展模式的整体规律和各中心间的辩证关系至关重要。本文尝试在实现大城市可持续发展方面获得新的研究思路,通过借鉴生物学理论,系统地分析了在构建大城市多中心发展模式时必须解决的两个问题:什么是大城市多中心发展模式和如何实现可持续的大城市多中心发展模式。本文的主要内容包括:首先,在学习借鉴国内外相关领域研究成果并结合我国城市实际特征的基础上,明确界定大城市多中心发展模式的研究对象和基本概念;其次,利用生物学理论,从生物特征与城市属性、生命起源与城市形成、生物生长与城市发展以及生物进化与城市演变等方面提出生物进化类比城市发展的理论依据,分析了借鉴生物学理论的可行性,进而提取出研究大城市多中心发展模式的三个要素——功能、尺度和等级;再次,从功能、尺度和等级透视大城市现存的问题,将相关研究从理论层面引向实践探索,并通过不同类型的案例分析,提出目前我国大城市多中心发展模式存在问题是各中心间功能级差与尺度级差交织作用的结果;最后,针对当前我国大城市多中心发展过程中的问题,以城市属性中最根本的功能、尺度、等级为出发点,提出实现大城市多中心发展模式可持续性的方法和策略,旨在进一步优化大城市的规划设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, China is undergoing a rapid development of urbanization. The amount and scale of megacities are increasing at an amazing velocity. China faces a high tension on the urbanization due to a big population in countryside and the lack land resource of construction, resulting that the single centre developmental pattern cannot meet the requirement of megacities. The polycentric pattern, therefore, has the promising advantage in the optimization of urban structure. At present, a couple of cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are planning to form polycentric megacities with new structural districts for residence community and industrial community. However, our present polycentric pattern of urban development is low standardized and following suit, that is either not yet constitutes a polycentric structure, or only a very uneven, polycentric structure. To solve environmental pollution, effective traffic congestion and other urban issues is not significant, causing no more fully exerting the advantages of polycentric pattern of urban development.According to the problem, it is crucial to understand and master the overall law of polycentric megacity development pattern correctly, but also the dialectical relationship between the centers. This paper attempts to achieve new ideas for sustainable development in megacities drawing on biology by systematic analysis. To construct polycentric development pattern, we must make efforts to solve two problems, namely, what is sustainable development pattern of polycentric cities, and how to implement polycentric city development pattern is sustainable.The main contents include: firstly, to define object of study and basic concept of polycentric pattern of urban development, through the study at home and abroad and combining research fields related to urban practice. Secondly, to put forward the the theory basis for biological evolution analog analysising urban development from characteristic of organism and city, origins of life and city, development of organism and city,evolution of organism and city, and to analysis the feasibility based on biology theory, and then to extract the three essential factor that is function, scale and hierarchy on reserarching the polycentric pattern of urban development. Thirdly, with analysising the existing problems of the megacities drawing on function, scale and hierarchy, to raise the problems of the polycentric pattern of urban development are due to the comprehensive effect of function differential and scale differential, from theory to research into practice, and through the different types of case analysis. Finally, in view of the problems in the process of polycentric development in current megacities, with the fundamental properties of urban function, scale and hierarchy as a starting point, to achieve methods and strategies for realizing polycentric pattern of urban development sustainability,and to further optimize the design of urban plan.更多还原