【作者】 樊启祥；

【导师】 陆佑楣； 强茂山；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 水电资源作为清洁的可再生能源是我国的优势资源,在能源供应中占据着重要地位。当前,水电开发面临着移民安置、生态环境、地方经济发展等诸多问题的考验,而这些问题大多体现在水电开发的资源付出和利益的不平衡、不对称上,因此处理好水电资源开发中的利益关系是关键。基于上述现实要求,本文将生态环境作为项目可行的前置条件,把研究的重点集中于移民安置和地方发展,在落实国家现有移民政策的前提下,提出了共享水电开发利益的解决途径。本文首先通过研究文献、国家政策和项目实践,在目前水电开发利益共享相关研究成果和实践经验的基础上,从利益相关者理论的角度,基于资源要素价值和地租理论构建了水电开发的利益共享模型。通过对土地资源综合价值的测算,从移民征地补偿费的不同使用方式出发,提出了五种农村移民安置方式,进行了水电资源经济地租的测算,并对影响移民年收入水平和水电资源经济地租的主要因素进行了敏感性分析。以溪洛渡工程为例进行测算,证明了本文提出的利益共享模型的合理性与可行性。提出了和谐开发水电项目的推荐移民安置方式和相应的政策建议。上述研究得到的主要成果和结论如下:第一,明确了政府、移民和开发企业是水电项目和谐开发的主要利益相关者,其投入的资源要素分别是水电资源、土地资源和项目资本。提出了基于主要利益相关者和资源收益的水电开发和谐度和满意度,在满足“移民生活水平不降低、政府获得水电资源经济地租、生态环境得到充分保护、开发企业获得正常投资回报、并电价具有竞争力”的约束条件下,实现水电资源和谐开发的利益共享。第二,按照前期补偿、后期扶持的移民政策,提出了多渠道、多形式的创新移民安置方式,计算了五种安置方式的移民年收入,并与建立的移民年收入目标预测模型进行了对比分析。推荐的“逐年长补+入股分红+基本社保”长效安置方式,能够在满足移民基本生活水平的基础上,有稳定持续的经济收入和养老与医疗基本社会保障。第三,根据地租理论以及资源价值理论,在电价具有竞争力的前提下,采用“电价比较法”测算了水电站运行水平年及经营期内的绝对地租和级差地租。结果表明,以水电资源有偿使用费征收的经济地租,可用于解决制约水电资源开发的移民、环境以及地方发展等利益问题,为相关制度的建立提供了理论支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydropower resources are clean, renewable and preponderant energy in China and play an important role in energy supply. Now hydropower development faces the trial of many problems, such as resettlement, ecological environment and local development. Most of these problems are embodied in the unbalance, asymmetry between pay and benefits. Thereby the key is to handle the benifit relationship in hydropower resource development. On the strength of the practical requirements mentioned above, the research focuses emphasis on resettlement and local development with ecological environment as the precondition, and proposes the solution by sharing the hydropower development benefits on the premise of national migration policy.On the basis of literature survey, national policy and project practice, the study concludes the research status of hydropower development benefit sharing mechanism. From the point of stakeholder theory, the author constructs a hydropower development benefit sharing model based on resources value and land rent theory. By calculating the comprehensive value of land, five ways for rural migrants’resettlement are suggested proceeding from different ways to use the compensation of land expropriation. The hydropower resources economic rents are estimated, and then the author studies the sensitivity analysis of the main factors that affect the economic rents. To take Xiluodu hydropower project for an example, it’s proved that the benefit sharing model is reasonable and feasible. The recommended resettlement scheme and policy suggestions are given. The main conclusions are as following.Firstly, the author makes it clear that the main stakeholders of hydropower harmonious development are government, migrants and development enterprise, who put in hydropower resources, land resources and capital respectively. A harmonious degree or satisfactory degree is given based on stakeholder and resources value analysis. The benefit sharing of hydropower resources development is achieved under the restricting conditions of no lowering migrants’living standards, compensated use of land and hydropower resources, full protection of ecological environment, normal investment returns for development enterprise, and competitive power price. Secondly, in accordance with the policy of front-end compensation and late-stage support, it’s suggested to creatively relocate migrants through different channels and in a variety of forms. The annual net incomes of migrants are calculated in five different resettlement schemes and are contrasted with three annual income forecasting models. The recommended long-acting resettlement scheme is that year-by-year compensation, pool of land to draw dividends and fundamentally social security, which will not only satisfy the migrants’basic living level but also make them gain long-term stable incomes, old-age pensions and medical insurance.Finally, according to land rent theory and resource value theory,“power price comparison method”is used to calculate the absolute rent and differential rent in normally operational years and the whole operational period of the power plant, on the premise that power price can stay competitive. The results indicate that the economic rents, which levy the fee of resource usage, can be used to deal with the problems which restrict hydropower development, such as resettlement, environment conservation and locally economic and social development. The conclusions provide theoretical support for relevant systems design.更多还原