【作者】 常魁；

【导师】 袁一星；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 市政工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 水是人类赖以生存的元素,供水管网是连接用户和水处理厂生产的优质饮用水的桥梁。但供水管网中饮用水在输配的过程中往往受水中残余微生物、管道生物膜、消毒副产物等因素影响而发生水质恶化。因此,保证供水管网中饮用水水质安全对保障居民身体健康和人身安全具有重要意义。本文通过对供水管网中氯和二氧化氯耦合的化学反应路径、氯和二氧化氯联合作用下供水管网消毒剂衰减模型及供水管网中途加消毒剂点优化布置与运行进行理论研究与深入分析,阐述供水管网中氯和二氧化氯耦合作用对保障供水管网中饮用水水质与供水管网中途加消毒点优化布置的重要作用,提出保障供水管网水质安全的有效措施。饮用水消毒是保障饮用水水质的重要环节,氯、二氧化氯、一氯胺、臭氧等消毒虽然广泛使用,但这些消毒剂都存在一定的局限性。供水管网中氯和二氧化氯耦合机理研究旨在通过烧杯实验、静态管段实验、管道动态实验及现场实验分析pH值、温度、总有机碳、管材等因素对氯和二氧化氯两种消毒剂在供水管网饮用水消毒过程中耦合作用的影响,探讨供水管网中氯和二氧化氯耦合机理与反应动力学,充分利用两种消毒剂各自的优点,避免各种消毒剂存在的缺陷。通过对不同水质条件下烧杯及供水管网中不同配比的氯和二氧化氯进行实验与分析,确定氯和二氧化氯最优投加比例。结果表明,氯和二氧化氯两种消毒剂联合使用时氯和二氧化氯消毒副产物亚氯酸盐发生耦合作用生成二氧化氯,氯消毒剂消毒副产物三卤代物生成量有所降低,饮用水消毒持续时间增长。氯和二氧化氯联合作用下供水管网中消毒剂耦合衰减模型研究针对传统水质模型仅对单一物质进行模拟的局限性提出的崭新方法,通过氯和二氧化氯耦合反应方程计算两种消毒剂浓度及氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐等物质浓度在饮用水输送过程的变化情况,从而实现对供水管网饮用水中多种物质计算分析。传统水质模型假设饮用水传输过程中饮用水中物质通过平流输送,忽略纵向的物质扩散,而我国供水管网规模庞大,拓扑结构复杂,在管网末梢容易出现死水现象,因此,本文在供水管网消毒剂衰减模型中引入消毒剂扩散模型,对传统余氯衰减模型进一步完善。通过扩散方程模拟管段内消毒剂输送过程,改进管网末端流速较低管段内消毒剂输送模型。氯和二氧化氯联合作用下供水管网中消毒剂扩散模型将两种消毒剂在饮用水中输送过程划分为对流、扩散、反应、混合等阶段,以拉格朗日法为基础进行模型求解。本文以我国东北某大型管网为例,进行氯和二氧化氯联合作用下供水管网中各种消毒剂及消毒副产物浓度分析。本文提出供水管网中途加消毒剂点随机规划模型。首先通过供水管网饮用水水质综合评价方法对供水管网中途加消毒剂点有效性进行综合评价,初步确定中途加消毒剂点优化布置的可行范围,然后通过混合遗传算法进行加消毒剂点优化定位,最后将供水管网水力模型及水质模型的不确定性引入中途加消毒剂点优化布置模型中,通过随机规划方法进行中途加消毒剂点最终定位。本文建立供水管网实时模拟模型,提出消毒剂投加量交互式控制方法,建立基于SCADA系统OPC通信的供水管网实时模拟模型,实时获得供水管网运行信息,利用SCADA系统实时数据对供水管网运行工况进行实时仿真模拟,通过供水管网氯和二氧化氯浓度分布实时模拟实现供水管网中消毒剂浓度交互控制,以我国东北某大型管网为例进行供水管网中途加消毒剂点优化布置研究,建立供水管网消毒剂投加交互式控制方法,交互控制中途加消毒剂点消毒剂投加浓度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is the basic element of human life, while water supply network is the bridge connecting the users and the water treatment plant that produce high quality drinking water. However, the drinking water quality often become deteriorated due to the residual microorganisms in water, pipe biofilms, disinfection by-products and other factors in the process of transmission and distribution in water supply networks. Therefore, it is very important for human health and safety to ensure drinking water quality security. In this thesis, the mechanism and kinetics using chlorine and chlorine dioxide togethor in water distribtuin network, the water distribtuion network water quality model under the effect of chlorine combined chlorine dioxide and the optimal desinfection dosage and boostering station allocation in water network is researched theoretically and analyzed in depth. The effect of the synergy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide on the drinking water quality security and the optimal boostering stations allocation in water distribution is also presented. And the effective measures to protect drinking water quality security is also proposed.The disinfection of drinking water play important role on protection drinking water quality security. Although the chlrine, chlorine dioxide, chloramine, and ozone disinfectants have been widely used, all these disinfectants exist some limitations. The mechanism and kinetics of chlorine and chlorine dioxide in water network are researched by jar test, static pipeline test, dynamic pipeline test, and file test. The factors of pH, temperature, total organic carbon, pipe meterial, pipe diameter, pipe service year are analized for the synergy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide. The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between chlorine and chlorine dioxide are built. The main task of this experiment was to investigate whether the combination of the two disinfectants maintains their advantages and decrease their disadvantages. The optimal dosage ratio between chlorine and chlorine dioxide was selected by beaker and pipeline test with different water qualtiy at different dosage ratio. The results showed that the combination produced a relatively stable high residual of both disinfectants due to the synergy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, reduced the concentration of the undesirable chlorite ion, while increasing the concentration of chlorine dioxide.The traditional water quality model can simulate only single substance. In order to overcome this limitations, a new water quality model to calculate chlorine and chlorine dioxide at the same time was proposed. The concentration of chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate are calculated using the mechanism and kinetics of chlorine and chlorine dioxide disinfectant in the drinking water in the process of transmission to achieve a variety of substance analysis in water distribution networks. The traditional model assumes that the chemical species, such chlorine and chlorine dioxide, will travel down the length of a pipe with the same average velocity as the carrier fluid while at the same time reacting (either growing or decaying) at some given rate. This means only advective transport within a pipe occur, while longitudinal dispersion is usually not considered. The flow rate is prone to be stagnated at the end of a water distribution network with large-scale and complexity topology in China. Therefore, the water quality component diffusion model is introduced to the improved water quality model in this thesis in order to complete traditional water quality model. The overall change in concentration of chlorine and chlorine dioxide is described by combining these three effects in water distribution netwok water quality model, leading to the advection diffusion reaction equation. And this new water quality is solved with Lagrangian method. A large scale water distribution network in Northeast China is selcted as an example, in which the concentrations of chlorine and chlorien dioxide disinfectants and other related substances are calulated.The stochastic programming model to the optimal location of booster disinfection station is propesed in this paper. chlorination of water supply pipe network halfway point of. Firstly, water quality in water distribution network was evaluated by comprehensive evaluation method, by which the booster disinfection stations are located in a large range. Then, the accurate location are calculate by hybrid genetic algorithm is used to optimize the booster disinfection stations. The uncertainty of the hydraulic and the water quality model is also introduced to the optimal location of booster disinfection station In order to realize the interactive water quality control, a real-time simulation model of water distribution network is established. A water distribution network real time simulation model is proposed based on OPC communication of SCADA system, by which the operation infromation of water distribution network is gained in real time , and the state-of–the-art of water distribution network is simualted. The water quality interactive control of water distribution network is achieved by real-time simulation of chlorine and chlorine dioxide concentration through the water distribution network. Water supply network to achieve real-time interactive simulation of water quality control. A large water network is selected as an example, for which the optimal location of the booster disinfection station is researched and a water quality interactive control model of chlorine and chlorine dioxided is built to control disinfectant dosing.更多还原