【作者】 冯雨芹；

【导师】 张亚平；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 近年来随着城市化进程的加快,机动车保有量的迅猛增长,导致交通能耗在社会总能耗中所占比例逐年提高。如何提高城市道路燃油经济性,建设节能环保、低碳、可持续发展的道路交通系统成为越来越迫切的课题。论文依托黑龙江省自然科学基金(E200940),从交通流状态对城市道路燃油经济性影响入手,深入研究城市道路燃油经济性理论与方法,为基于燃油经济性的路网规划、路网改造及交通管理与控制提供重要的理论基础。论文在分析现有燃油经济性模型及其理论方法的基础上,从燃油经济性影响机理入手,分析交通流状态对城市道路燃油经济性的影响。以路段、交叉口为基本研究单元,分别建立相应的燃油经济性模型,并利用实地采集的燃油消耗和交通流数据,对所建理论模型进行标定及实证性研究。以考虑燃油经济性广义出行费用下的路径选择模型为纽带,在路网单元燃油经济性模型基础上,建立路径、OD对、路网燃油经济性模型。最后以哈尔滨市某一局域路网为例,分析其路网燃油经济性,验证模型的正确性和合理性。在深入分析车辆燃油消耗测试方法的基础上,选取Corrsys-Datron CDS-DFL1车载燃油测量系统进行测试。从试验方法、试验路线、试验车辆和驾驶员确定、采样间隔设定及实验流程设计等方面详细设计车辆燃油消耗及道路交通流数据采集试验方案。利用实地测试、VISSIM仿真两种技术手段获取路段、交叉口不同交通流状态及信号控制方案下的燃油消耗量及交通流数据并对数据进行预处理。从交通流状态角度分析路段、交叉口的燃油经济性影响因素,分别从影响机理及实测数据角度分析饱和度、平均速度对路段燃油经济性的影响,分析饱和度、平均速度、绿信比对交叉口燃油经济性的影响,探究影响路段、交叉口燃油经济性的本质因素。研究结果表明,路段燃油经济性的本质影响因素是饱和度,交叉口燃油经济性的本质影响因素是饱和度和绿信比。在剖析现有燃油经济性评价指标局限性的基础上,提出经济油耗饱和度概念,定义道路燃油经济性指数。针对不同类别路段、交叉口分别建立基于饱和度的路段燃油经济性模型及基于饱和度和绿信比的交叉口燃油经济性模型,并给出道路燃油经济性分级的建议标准值,最后对所建立的燃油经济性模型进行实例应用,计算得到哈尔滨市不同类别路段、交叉口经济油耗饱和度。在路网单元燃油经济性模型研究的基础上,综合考虑燃油经济性、行程时间(或延误)及行程时间可靠性(或延误波动)三因素的费用,分别定义路段和交叉口的广义出行费用函数,以不同的加权系数反映出行者对待不同出行费用因素的态度,并对出行费用指标进行无量纲化处理以消除出行费用指标量纲不统一的影响。在此基础上建立基于广义出行费用的随机平衡分配模型。此外,为准确分析路网燃油经济性,分别定义路径、OD(Origin Destination)对、路网燃油经济性,合理解析路段、交叉口、路径、OD对、路网燃油经济性之间的关系,建立路径、OD对、路网燃油经济性模型。以哈尔滨市某局部区域路网为例进行燃油经济性分析,验证所建模型的有效性与实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the accelerated process of urbanization in recent years, registered number of automobiles is in a rapid growth, which has made the transportation energy in the proportion of total energy consumption increase year by year. How to improve the fuel economy in urban road and construct the energy-saving environment protection, sustainable development transport systems become an increasingly pressing issue.From the traffic flow status, the fuel economy in urban road was systematically studied in this paper supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China(E200940). Fuel economy based on traffic flow status was further studied in order to providing the theoretical base for the establishment of evaluation system of urban road network fuel economy, road network planning, network transformation and traffic management which are based on fuel economy.Corresponding fuel economy models were established through analysis for fuel economy influence mechanism on condition that segment and intersection were regarded as the elementary unit on the basis of analyzing the existing fuel economy model and its theory. Model calibration and empirical research were done by using the fuel consumption and traffic flow data collected in field. The fuel economy models of route, OD pair and road network were established respectively, based on network unit fuel economy model and the route choice model on the basis of generalized travel cost function considering fuel economy. A partial road network in Harbin was selected as an example to analyze the network fuel economy and to verify the correctness and rationality.Based on the analysis of fuel consumption measurement methods, the Corrsys-Datron CDS-DFL1 fuel consumption measurement system was selected. The fuel consumption and traffic flow data observation program was designed from the determination of test methods, test line, the identification of test vehicle and driver, the setting of sampling interval and the test process. The filed observation and VISSIM simulation were used to get the fuel consumption and traffic flow data of roads and intersections under different traffic state and signal control program. The impact factors of roads and intersections fuel economy were analyzed from the traffic flow angle. Saturation, split and average speed on the impact of intersections fuel economy and saturation, average speed on the impact of road segments fuel economy were analyzed from the theoretical and experimental data point, respectively. The essence impact factors of road segments and intersections fuel economy were also explored in this paper. The results manifested that the essence impact factor of road segments fuel economy was saturation, and the essence impact factors of intersections fuel economy were saturation and split.On the basis of analyzing the limitations of the existing fuel economy estimation index, the economy fuel saturation was introduced to propose the road fuel economy index. The fuel economy models for different kinds of road segments and intersections were established based on saturation, saturation and split, respectively. The recommended grading standard value for road fuel economy was put forward. Finally, the above fuel economy models were applied to the partial road network in Harbin. The economy fuel saturation of different road segments and intersections in Harbin was calculated.Based on the study of the network unit-roads, intersections fuel economy models, the fuel economy, travel time (or delay) and travel time reliability (or delay fluctuations) were considered, and the generalized travel cost function of roads and intersections were defined, respectively. The cost indicators were processed to be a dimensionless quantity to eliminate the impact of the cost indicators of non-uniform dimension. The SUE (Stochastic User Equilibrium) model was established on the basis of generalized travel cost. In order to evaluate the road network fuel economy accurately, the path, OD (Origin Destination), network fuel economy was defined, respectively. The corresponding mathematical models were established by analyzing the relationship among the road, intersection, path, OD and road network fuel economy. The above models were applied to the fuel economy analysis for partial road network in Harbin, the results show that the models established in this paper are effective and appliciable.更多还原