【作者】 李俊利；

【导师】 张俊飚；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 我国农业发展长期以来走的是一条高资源消耗、高环境污染的道路。在农业经济迅速发展的同时,资源和环境问题越来越突出,对农业的可持续发展带来巨大挑战。如何解决农业发展和资源环境问题之间的矛盾成为摆在国家和政府面前的重大课题。发展资源节约型农业成为解决这一问题的必由之路。科技进步是解决资源对农业发展制约的根本出路。资源节约型农业技术的扩散是发展资源节约型农业的关键所在。只有节约型技术被广泛应用才能更好地发展资源节约型农业。而目前我国资源节约型农业技术的应用范围不广泛。因此,如何推进资源节约型农业技术的扩散成为摆在政府面前亟待解决的问题。本文旨在研究资源节约型农业技术的扩散机制,提出促进资源节约型农业技术扩散的对策。本研究的技术路线是从理论研究、现状考察入手,分供给、中介和采用子系统对资源节约型农业技术扩散系统进行了理论分析和实证研究。通过各系统之间的融合机制、扩散机制的设计与模式选择,找到适合中国农业发展的资源节约型农业技术扩散方式和路径。依据逻辑框架,全文运用九个部分,对我国资源节约型农业技术扩散问题进行了比较系统地研究。第一部分为导言,主要阐述了论文研究的背景、目的与意义、研究思路与框架、研究方法,并指出了论文的创新之处。第二部分为论文的理论基础部分,对研究范围进行了界定,并对资源节约型农业技术扩散的理论基础进行了梳理,包括公共物品理论、自然资源价值理论、农业技术扩散理论、农户行为理论、农业技术推广理论和博弈论等相关理论。第三部分主要分析我国资源节约型农业技术的扩散情况,分析了当前资源节约型农业技术扩散的一般方式。第四、五、六部分为论文的主体部分,分别对资源节约型农业技术扩散的三个子系统进行了分析,是论文的主体部分。第四部分对资源节约型农业技术扩散的供给子系统进行了分析。首先简要介绍了资源节约型农业技术的供给特点和供给效率,进而分析了影响资源节约型农业技术供给的影响因素,从动力机制、投资机制和运行机制三方面分析了当前资源节约型农业技术供给不足的主要原因,并提出了提高资源节约型农业技术供给的对策措施。第五部分对资源节约型农业技术扩散的中介子系统进行了分析。在运用博弈论以及激励相容理论分析资源节约型农业技术扩散过程中利益冲突的基础上,深层探讨诱致性技术扩散中的制约因素,分析各利益主体的约束条件,以及中介机构所发挥的功能,并对其效率进行了评价。第六部分对资源节约型农业技术扩散的采用子系统进行了分析。以河南省节水灌溉技术为例,从农户和社区两个层面对资源节约型农业技术的扩散情况及影响扩散的因素进行了实证分析。利用Logit模型分析了农户采用节水灌溉技术的影响因素。从社区采用节水灌溉技术的角度分析了其决策影响因素,并相应提出了对策建议。第七、八部分是机制设计和对策建议部分。第七部分从资源节约型农业技术扩散机制设计的原理出发,分析了资源节约型农业技术扩散的动力机制以及供给、中介和采用子系统之间的融合机制。指出资源节约型农业技术扩散机制应该是诱致性技术扩散机制和强制性技术扩散机制相结合。对推进资源节约型农业技术扩散进行了机制设计,包括激励机制、约束机制和保障机制。针对资源节约型农业技术的特性,分析了市场调节和政府作用对扩散的影响,进而提出适合不同类型资源节约型农业技术的扩散模式。第八部分是对策建议部分。根据影响资源节约型农业技术扩散的系列因素,从提高扩散效率的角度,提出有利于加快和实现资源节约型农业技术扩散的管理政策和对策措施。第九部分是全文的结论部分。概括了全文的主要结论,并针对研究中存在的不足指出了下一步研究的方向。本文试图在以下方而有所创新：一是选题视角新颖。技术扩散与技术推广不同,前者更关注的是技术由“源区”走向“受区”的内在运行机制,而后者则更多的存在外部力量主导。资源节约型农业技术是节约型农业发展的核心与基础。将资源节约型农业技术与农业技术的扩散问题结合起来进行研究,突破了前人的研究视野,奠定了研究内容与研究结论创新的基础。二是研究思路较新。作者运用系统论的观点,将资源节约型农业技术扩散系统分为三个子系统,在对各个子系统展开研究的基础上,创新性地提出了三个子系统之间的融合机制,构建了“资源节约型农业技术扩散研究的分析框架”,为资源节约型农业技术的顺畅扩散提供了分析思路。三是研究结论较新。基于资源节约型农业技术外部性特征较为明显的状况,作者提出了“建立资源节约型农业技术扩散的激励机制”、实现“资源节约型农业技术扩散由强制性技术扩散向强制性技术扩散和诱致性技术扩散相结合的方向转变”等系列观点。这些观点对推进我国资源节约型农业技术扩散,加快提升资源节约型农业发展水平无疑具有重要的政策参考价值和实践指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agricultural development has long followed a high resource-consumed, high environment-polluted road in China. Resource and environment issue become increasingly prominent and the sustainable development of the agriculture has brought great challenges, while rapid economic development in agriculture. How to solve the conflicts between agricultural development and resource-environment become a major issue, which is placed in front of the state and government. Development of resource-saving agriculture is the only way to solve the problem. Science and technology progress is the fundamental way to solve the resources constrains to agricultural development. Resource-saving agricultural technology diffusion is the key to develop the resource-saving agriculture. Only if saving technology is widely used would resource-saving agriculture develop better. But, at present, resource-saving technology is not widely applied in agriculture. Therefore, how to promote the diffusion of resource-saving agricultural technology is an important issue to solve in front of the government. The paper aims to study the diffusion mechanism on the resource-saving agricultural technology and to propose the countermeasures.The technical route is to start from the theory study and the present research, to divide the diffusion system into three subsystems, such as supply, intermediary and adopting subsystems and to do the theoretical and empirical study. Then the integration mechanism among three subsystems, diffusion mechanism and the diffusion models are designed. Finally, the better diffusion ways are put forward. Based on the logical framework, the paper studies the problem of the diffusion of the resource-saving agricultural technology systematically, which is divided into nine parts.The first part is the introduction, which describes the background, the purpose and the significance, the idea and framework, research methods, and points out the innovations.The second part is the theory basis of the paper, which defines the scope of the study and combs the theoretical basis. These include the theory of public goods, theory of natural resource value, theory of agricultural technology diffusion, the theory of household behavior, the theory of agricultural extension and the game theory.The third part analyzes the diffusion situation. It analyzes the normal way of the technology diffusion. The fourth, the fifth and the sixth part are the body of the paper, which analyzed the three subsystems of the diffusion. The fourth part analyzes the supply subsystem of the resource-saving technology diffusion. At First, it introduces the supply characteristics and the efficiency. Then the factors are analyzed which influence the technology supply. The major reasons which cause the insufficient supply are analyzed form three aspects, such as the dynamic mechanism, the investment mechanism and the operating mechanism. At last, the countermeasures to promote the supply of the resource-saving technology are proposed. The fifth part analyzes the intermediary subsystem of the resource-saving technology diffusion. Game theory and incentive theory are used to analyze the interest conflicts in the diffusion process of the resource-saving technology. The constraints of induced technology diffusion are deeply discussed. The constraints of each stakeholder are analyzed. The functions of the intermediaries are introduced and the efficiencies are evaluated. The sixth part analyzes the adoption subsystem of the resource-saving technology diffusion. The part analyzes the diffusion situation and the impact factors to diffusion as an example of water-saving irrigation technology in Henan. Logit model is used to analyze the impact factors of the farmers adopting the water-saving irrigation technologies. The decision-making factors of the community are analyzed. Finally, the suggestions are proposed.The seventh and the eighth part are the sections of mechanism design and the countermeasures. Based on the design principle of the technology diffusion mechanism, it analyzes the dynamic mechanism, the integration mechanism among the supply, intermediation and adoption subsystems is discussed. The diffusion mechanism of the resource-saving technology should be the combination of the induced diffusion mechanism and the mandatory. The diffusion mechanisms are designed of the resource-saving technology, which include the incentive, constraint and the protection mechanisms. Based on the characteristics of the resource-saving technology, the impacts of the market and the government to diffusion are analyzed. The diffusion models suitable for the different types of resource-saving technology are put forward. The eighth part is the suggestions section. Based on the series of factors to impact the resource-saving technology diffusion, the management policies and the measures are proposed to accelerate resource-saving technology diffusion.The ninth part is the conclusion of the full paper, which summarizes the main conclusions and points out the further research fields for the shortcomings of the paper.The article attempts to be innovative in the following areas.First, the perspective of the topic is fresh. Technology diffusion is different from technology promotion. The former is more concerned about the technology internal operation mechanism from the "source" to "recipient", while the latter needs more external forces. Resource-saving agricultural technology is the core and foundation of saving agricultural development. The resource-saving agricultural technology and agricultural technology diffusion are combined to study, which breaks the previous research vision and builds the foundation of content innovation and conclusions innovation.Second, research ideas are relatively new. Applying system theory, the resource-saving agricultural technology diffusion system is divided into three subsystems. On the basis of research of each subsystem, the fusion mechanism among the three subsystems is put forward. It builds "an analytical framework of the resource-saving agricultural technology diffusion research ". It provides a smooth, spread idea for the diffusion of resource-saving agricultural technology.Third, the conclusions are relatively new. Based on the obviously external characteristics of the of resource-saving agricultural technologies, the author proposes "to establish the incentives mechanism of resource-saving agricultural technology diffusion’ "to realize that resource-saving agricultural technology diffusion should change from mandatory technology diffusion to the combination of mandatory and induced technology diffusion" and other point of views. These views have undoubtedly important reference value and practical significance to promote China’s resource-saving agricultural technology diffusion and to accelerate resource-saving agricultural development.更多还原