【作者】 高娟；

【导师】 李和中；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 行政管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 责任政府的构建,必然要求政府及其官僚体系及时、直接、有效对管辖范围内的公众诉求做出回应。而政府回应的能力建设,不但是树立政府良好形象的重要途径,也是政府履行公共服务供给职能的本质要求和责任,更为重要的的是,政府回应力的建设不但有利于提高公共政策的合理性,在此基础上不断完善政府的问责机制,更反映着中国民主政治的发展趋势。基于此,本论文的基本研究思路大致按照“发现问题——分析问题——解决问题”的路径展开。笔者立足于责任政府的视角,将论题确立为“基于责任政府导向下政府回应力研究”,尝试从理论上探讨政府回应力的价值取向、政府回应力测评体系,并运用个案,总结当前我国地方政府在回应力建设上所面临的问题,在揭示其制约因素的基础上,提出了构建回应型政府的基本策略。其基本研究内容如下：在公共行政学的发展历程中,对于政府回应的研究,交织共生着关注效率的管理主义与关注公平、民主的宪政主义两种范式取向。而本文所称的政府回应,是指政府从为人民服务的宗旨出发,按照法律规定,在其社会管理活动过程中,对公众的要求和愿望做出积极反应的过程及相关制度安排。而政府回应力,则是指政府在公共管理过程中对社会公众及其它社会组织所提出的各种诉求做出及时和负责的反应与回复的能力。政府回应力的价值取向分为公平、正义、民主的义务价值和追求效率、包容性增长及科学、法治等实践价值两个层面。民众与政府之间的权力代理关系是政府回应的逻辑依据,而“责任驱动”则是政府回应的流程模式内涵。政府回应力建设的的关键在于主动、透明、充分、迅捷等核心能力要素,以及抓住第一时间或最佳时机,并以负责任的政府和负责任的媒体作为回应途径。政府回应力测评体系应该包括测评主体、测评客体、测评目标、测评标准、测评指标、测评方法和测评报告等7个构成要素。它具有实现和落实政府责任、提高政府治理效率、改善政府与公众关系、提升政府效能等四项特殊功能,其构建须遵循服务导向、职能依据和发展调整等原则,其构建的系统流程依次应为功能定位、方案设计功能检验等三个基本环节。政府回应力的测评就是要在政府回应的广度、深度和效度3个维度对其回应的效率、效益、能力、服务质量、公共责任和顾客满意程度等方面进行综合评价,基于此,本文构建了一个包括3个维度、8个类别和20个单项目标的政府回应力测量指标体系。本文选取了直面丑闻的武汉市经济适用房“六连号”事件写入政府工作报告、成都公交燃烧事件后三天五场新闻发布会的迅捷反应及深圳市南山区和谐社区建设中扩大参与的“双向互动”制度创新等3个典型案例,分别从回应过程、回应力评价及回应力建设等3方面对前文关于政府回应力内涵、内容、流程、标准的观点进行了实证验证。三个案例对于政府回应力建设的启示在于：地方政府应直面问题,务必及时回应民众诉求,并采用区分性的回应策略,超脱案例具体事件来完善制度,政府危机公关必须实现信息公开化、透明化,以系统的制度创新予以回应基层社会矛盾或公众利益诉求。政府的回应力高下取决于公众的需求与政府回应的均衡(即帕累托最优),而这一均衡需要在探究地方政府现实回应力建设所面临制约因素的基础上,提出改革策略(改变现有的资源配置)。本文认为,中国政府回应力建设的制约因素为：责任政府的民主政治土壤贫瘠形成了权威中心的闭锁场域；以及由传统行政文化的惯性影响所导致的政府对自身责任的知行困；而政治体制改革滞后则是阻碍责任政府构建,进而妨害政府回应力提升的现实深层动因。本文最后提出了责任政府导向下提升政府回应力的对策,即通过国家与社会关系的重塑实现责任政府的生态优化,通过行政伦理的重塑实现政府责任的主观环境优化,通过组织结构的改造实现责任政府构建中的自我优化,通过完善电子化的政府回应平台加强责任政府的现代化技术保障,并建议以推进公众的政治参与作为责任政府构建与政府回应力提升的核心任务。更多还原

【Abstract】 It’s inevitable that the construction of responsible government requires the government and its bureaucratic system to make timely, direct and effective response to the public appeal within its jurisdiction. And the improvement of government responsiveness is not only an important way to build up a more positive image of the government, but also the essential requirement and responsibility of the government to perform its public service. What is more important is that the construction of government responsiveness makes for improving the rationality of public policy. On this basis, the construction of government responsiveness will perfect the government accountability mechanism, which also represents a leap in the development of democracy. In this light, the thesis will make a preliminary discussion of our local government’s responsiveness with the goal orientation of constructing responsible government from five aspects, which are theoretical interpretation, measurement system construction, empirical case study, restricting factors analysis and countermeasures. The dissertation covers the following contents:There are, in the development of public administration study, two intertwining paradigms about the government responsiveness, namely, the efficiency-centered management approach and justice-and-democracy-centered constitutionalist approach. The government response in this dissertation refers to the process and related institutional arrangements of government making positive response to the public demands and wills according to legal provision, with the aim of serving the people in its social management activities. While the government responsiveness is a reflection of government’s ability in making timely and responsible reaction and response to all sorts of appeal from the public and other social organizations in public management process. The value orientation of local government responsiveness is divided into two levels:the obligation of pursuing fairness, justice and democracy, and practical value of pursuing efficiency, inclusive growth and science and the rule of laws. The logical basis of government response is the power agency relationship between the public and government, and "responsibility drive" is the connotation of flow model of government response. The key points of constructing government responsiveness are the core elements of imitativeness, transparency, sufficiency and rapidity, catching the first time or the best opportunity, and making the responsible government and responsible media as the basic approach to its responsiveness.The assessment system of local government responsiveness is supposed to include seven components:assessment subject, assessment object, assessment objective, assessment standard, assessment index, assessment method and assessment report. This system has four special functions of realizing and implementing government responsibility, developing the efficiency of government governing, improving the relationship between government and public, and enhancing the effectiveness of government. The construction of assessment system must follow the principles of service orientation, function basis and development adjustment, and its system flow should follow the three basic links in the order of function orientation, project design and function inspection. The assessment of local government responsiveness is to make comprehensive assessment about the efficiency, benefit, competence, service quality, public responsibility and customer satisfaction, etc of government response from three dimensions of breadth, depth and validity of government response. Based on this, the thesis constructs an assessment index system of local government response ability, which includes 3 dimensions,8categories and 20 single targets.This thesis selects three typical cases:the open-heartedness of Wuhan Municipal Government’s inclusion of "six even number" scandal of affordable housing in its annual government report, the rapid responsiveness of Chengdu Municipal Government’s five press conferences in three days after the event of bus burning, and the institutional innovation of "two-way interaction" adopted by the local government of Shenzhen Nanshan District in encouraging the general public’s participation in the construction of harmonious community. From the three case studies, the dissertation tries to make an empirical study on previously mentioned connotation, contents, flows and standards of local government responsiveness from the following three aspects of response process, the assessment of responsiveness, and the construction of responsiveness in similar situation. The revelation of these three cases about local government responsiveness construction includes, local government should face problems directly; government should respond to the public appeals timely by adopting distinctive response strategies and improve institutions in the light of specific cases and events; the government’s public relations in crisis must achieve information publicity and information transparency, and use the institutional innovation to respond to general and overall grassroots social contradictions or public benefit appeals.Government responsiveness is determined by the balance between public demands and government response (namely Pareto Optimality). The balance needs to put forward reform strategy (by altering the existing resource allocation) on the basis of exploring the restricting factors when constructing local government’s real life responsiveness. This thesis argues that the restricting factors of constructing local government responsiveness in China include, the imperfectness of democratic politics of responsible government which leads to the closed field in authoritative center, and the inertial influence of traditional administrative culture which leads to the government’s insufficient knowledge of and difficulty in carrying out its own responsibility. The time-lag of the political system reform is the real deep reason which hinders the construction of responsible government and the improvement of local government responsiveness.The thesis concludes with countermeasures of improving local government responsiveness in the light of constructing responsible government. The countermeasures include, achieving the ecological optimization of responsible government through redesigning the relationship between state and society; achieving the subjective environment optimization of responsible government through redesigning the administrative ethics; achieving the self-optimization in the construction of responsible government through transforming the organizational structure; enhancing the modern technical support of responsible government through perfecting the electronic government response platform. And the thesis also suggests making the promotion of citizens’ political participation as the core mission of constructing the responsible government and improving the local government responsiveness.更多还原