森林认证效应及政府的政策选择研究

【作者】 管志杰；

【导师】 沈杰；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 可持续发展已越来越受到人类的重视,林业在社会可持续发展过程中发挥着重要的作用,作为促进森林可持续经营的森林认证的提出促进了林业的可持续发展。因此对森林认证产生的机理、效应及政府的政策选择做出深入的研究,找出具体的政策应对有一定意义。研究过程以应用研究为主,采用定性分析与定量分析相结合,规范分析与实证分析相结合,局部均衡与一般均衡相结合的方法。研究得出的结论：森林认证具有较好的外部性,具有良好的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。从森林认证产品本身的角度分析,只要森林认证后产品市场能够扩大,就一定会促进社会福利的增加。从国际贸易角度看,森林认证促进了林业的可持续发展,促进了国际贸易,另一方面认证产品成本增加,对贸易产生障碍。从社会福利角度看,局部均衡与一般均衡分析结果不同。从森林认证产生的壳层结构分析看,对森林认证过程进行扶持,在认证产品数量和价格的增加下,林业企业的利润不断增加。森林认证已成为目前世界主要国家实施林产品绿色采购手段之一,从国与国之间的博弈来看,森林认证作为国与国之间贸易政策工具已得到实施,企业与企业以及政府与企业之间在不同森林认证标准时博弈结果也不一样。从对森林认证支持政策效果看,对森林认证实施生产补贴效果最好。对于中国在森林认证方面应采取的政府政策是积极利用市场去推动,实施必要的补贴,加大认证市场的建设,同时在此政策下企业积极配合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human have paid more and more attention to sustainable development, and forestry has played an important role in the process of it in the society, forest certification promotes forest sustainable management and is useful for forestry sustainable development. Therefore, we research in-depth operating mechanism、effects of forest certification, and the government’s policy choice to identify specific policy responses, which will have certain significance. Researching process has applied the following methods:the qualitative and quantitative analysis, specification and empirical analysis, partial and general equilibrium combination.The studying is concluded as follows:forest certification has good externalities, has a better environmental benefit, social and economic benefits; in the view of certified products, as long as the certificating forest products markets have expanded, the social welfare will increase; from the perspective of international trade, forest certification promotes forestry sustainable development, boosts international trade, on the other hand certified product’s cost increases, which blockes trade development; from the point of a social welfare, the analysis of partial equilibrium and general equilibrium have given the different results; from the analysis of the generated shell structure of forest certification, give the necessary support in certificating process, under the increase of certified products in volume and price, forestry enterprise will earn more; forest certification has become one of implementing tools of green procurement of forest products for the main countries in the world; from the point of the game between nations, forest certification has become a policying tool between countries, and it has ever been implemented. The game between enterprises and enterprise, government and enterprises in different forest certification standards will result in the different outcomes; from the supporting effects of policies for forest certification, production subsidies was best; forest certification for China’s government policies should be applied is to make full use of market to push, implement the necessary subsidies, increase the building certification market, while companies actively cooperate with this policy.更多还原