【作者】 龙运荣；

【导师】 柏贵喜；

【作者基本信息】 中南民族大学 ， 民族学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 自西方“启蒙运动”以来,现代性好似一个贪婪的“吸血鬼”,在全世界吞噬着一切传统的东西。在现代性的驱使之下,从17、18世纪开始,西方国家开启了现代化的大门。此后,现代化成为席卷全球的社会发展潮流,成为影响人类社会文化变迁的主要因素。作为现代性历史发展的本性和现代性构成的标准化判断,大众传媒成为了西方现代性发展的内在要求和代表性旗帜,成为了现代化发展的重要“推进器”。大众传媒不仅传播了现代科技信息,普及了现代教育,也拓宽了村民政治参与途径,唤起了村民的法制与维权意识,还加速了乡村城市化,促进了村民个人的现代化。大众传媒在带给人类全新文化形式的同时,也给人类社会文化带来了严重冲击和负面影响。大众传媒不仅消解了村落组织的结构和功能,促使了村民传统道德与价值观念的蜕化,也促进了村民传统审美情趣与观念的流变,刺激了乡村消费主义倾向,还加速了村落传统习俗的转型,引起了民族社会文化的急剧变迁。本文以一个湘西侗寨——芷江侗族自治县碧涌镇碧河村为个案,运用民族学人类学的田野调查和传播学的量化研究两种主要方法,以民族社会文化的现代化发展为主线,探讨了大众传媒与民族社会文化变迁的关系这个主题。其意义体现在两个方面:从理论意义来看,本文是对当前民族学人类学学科发展趋势和潮流的回应,试图在民族学人类学与传播学两大学科之间架设一座桥梁,为民族学人类学的传媒研究与传播学的民族志方法提供参考;同时,较为详细地分析了大众传媒在民族社会文化变迁中的作用,并对大众传媒影响民族社会文化变迁的规律与特点进行了初步总结。从现实意义来看,本文以较为详实的田野资料为基础,对民族地区传媒发展现状与问题进行了研究,可为地方政府和有关部门制定与大众传媒相关的区域经济和社会发展战略提供参考和决策依据;文章还就民族社会文化现代化进程中,如何正确理解大众传媒与民族社会文化的关系、准确把握大众传媒的角色定位、时刻牢记大众传媒的神圣职责提出了建议,对于民族文化保护具有重要的现实意义。文章包括三大部分。第一部分为导论,主要介绍研究缘起与意义、国内外研究现状、与本文相关的几个概念、借鉴的理论与方法、以及创新与不足。第二部分包括第一至第四章,为论文的主体部分。第一章是田野调查点——碧河的历史沿革、自然生态、民族与人口情况的概述,重点从物质文化、制度文化和精神文化三个层面简述了碧河的传统社会文化。第二章是对碧河村民媒介化生活的描述,介绍了其传媒发展历程,并对碧河村民媒介化生活进行了分析。第三章则重点探讨了大众传媒影响下碧河社会文化的变迁,分别从物质文化、制度文化和精神文化三个层面进行了阐述。第四章为本文的理论提升部分,主要就大众传媒影响碧河社会文化变迁的机制问题进行了剖析,分别从符号、权力、资本、意识形态和大众文化五个方面进行了较为深刻的思考,对大众传媒进行反思。第三部分为结论部分,该部分集中表达了全文基本观点,认为大众传媒是碧河社会文化现代化发展的推进器,在大众传媒的影响下,碧河的社会文化变迁呈现出明显的现代化发展趋势,现代化是碧河社会文化变迁的主要因素。与其他因素相比,大众传媒对民族社会文化变迁的影响是渐进式的、广泛而深刻的。然而,作为社会设置的重要组成部分,大众传媒在调控着社会关系的同时,也受到各种社会关系的调控。大众传媒在民族社会文化变迁中的作用,就如一颗“深水炸弹”,它以其华丽的外表隐藏在人们的日常生活的茫茫大海中,一旦遇到恰当的“引爆水深”就会发生爆炸,其爆炸的威力是巨大,影响是深远的。但是这种威力和影响同时受到“社会引信”的调控,其影响方式更具隐蔽性。这种“社会引信”就是隐藏在大众传媒背后的各种社会关系。大众传媒既是现代性发展的结果,也是现代性的代表性标志。大众传媒在我国现代性发展中起到了巨大的推进作用。但是,庆幸的同时,我们却不得不面临一种尴尬的现实:那就是因为中国的大众传媒理论研究的贫弱,主流的大众传媒理论囫囵吞枣似地引进西方自由主义理论,但是当要用这些理论去解释中国风云变幻的传播现实时,往往陷于无语的境地。而传统的马克思主义新闻理论则陷入教条和僵化,往往沦为国家舆论宣传的传话筒。因此,在我国的现代性发展过程中,大众传媒有意无意地放弃了其应当担负的社会责任,沦为了西方现代性领土扩张的工具。然而,现代性作为生长于西方文化土壤的一支文明之花,是在西方悠久的历史文化传统的浇灌之下长成的,是典型的“地方性知识”。作为一种文明之花,现代性对全人类的意义是一样的,那就是促进人类社会的发展和文明的进步。但是,这支文明之花却可以有不同的绽放方式。换句话说,现代性应该有多元性而不是单一的西方特性。只有找到适合各个民族、各个地区的“地方性”现代性,才能真正实现各民族、各地区的现代化。因此,我们必须正确认识现代性的内涵,科学审视各民族现代化道路,客观评价大众传媒在各民族社会发展和文化变迁中的作用。唯如此,我们才能正确理解各民族社会文化变迁的性质、特点与规律,才能更好地发挥大众传媒在民族社会文化传承与发展中的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modernity,which like a greedy vampire,has been sucking everything traditional all over the world ever since the Enlightenment. Driven by the modernization, the Western World began to curve the course to modernization in the 17th and 18th century. The developmental trends of modernization, which has been sweeping the global society, present itself as the major cause of social-cultural changes to the human race. As both a nature of historical development of modernity and a standard judgment of modernity, the mass media had became an internal evidence and representative banner of the Western modernity. The mass media communicates not only modern science and technology, information, and modern education, but also arouses the villagers’ political participation level and legal awareness. In the meantime, the mass media promotes the villagers personal awareness of modernity in the rural areas. The mass media brings human fresh form of culture and also great impacts and negative effects to social-culture. Mass media dispels the functions of the organization and structure of the village, and degenerates the villagers’traditional morality and value, and also promotes the traditional aesthetic sentiment, and stimulates rural consumerism tendency. The mass media also accelerates the transformation of traditional custom and caused a sharp change of national social culture.The paper takes Dong People who lives in Bihe village in Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County (ZJDAC) Western Hunan Province as a case study.Applying ethnology fieldwork and communication quantitative research methods to the relationship between the mass media and the ethnic social-cultural changes under the circumstance of the modernization. The significance is embodied in the following two aspects: Theoretically, the paper responses to trends of academics and the development of ethnology and communication, by setting a bridge between the two. In the meanwhile, the paper analyzes the role of mass media in the ethnic social-cultural changes by summarizing the regular pattern and characteristics. Practically, judging from the realistic significance, the author applies detailed fieldwork materials to the research of the development of media in ethnic regions. The paper offers reference for local governments and the relevant departments, while coping with the problems of regional economy and social development strategy decision-making. The paper suggests recommendation on how to grasp the relationship between ethnic social-culture and modern mass media, how to keep in mind the role definition and the sacred duty of mass media, which plays a vital importance in protection for ethnic minorities culture.The paper is composed of three parts. Part I introduction, which probes the cause of research, presentations and significance of this influence. Part II, which runs from first chapter to the fourth chapter. The first chapter is the introduction of the spot of fieldwork in Bihe, its historical evolution and natural ecology, nation and an overview of the population, especially introduced from the material culture, system culture and spiritual culture of Bihe, and the traditional social culture in different periods of three generations of individual cultural characteristics are described. The second chapter is the description of media life of villagers and its media development course. The third chapter discusses mainly the influence of mass media brings to the social-culture in Bihe from three levels: material culture, system culture and spiritual culture. The fourth chapter raises the height from the theory to applied decision. The author mainly discusses media influence on social culture changes framework, symbols, power, capital, ideology and mass culture. Part III is the conclusion. The article argues that, the mass media is the booster for social culture modernization development in Bihe. Under the influence of the social-cultural changes, mass media brings obvious characteristics of modernization development trend, which is the major factor of social-cultural changes in Bihe. Compared with other factors, the influence of mass media on ethnic social- cultural changes is progressive, extensive and profound. However, as an important role of social structure, mass media adjusts the social relations, and was influenced by the regulation of various kinds of social relations. The mass media plays an increasing role in the course of ethnic social- cultural changes, it serves as a "depth chare " with gorgeous appearance hides in people’s daily life, when the fullness of time was come "depth charge" would detonate the power of explosion, its explosion have also been "social regulation of fuze", its impact way more concealment. This kind of "social fuze" is hidden behind the mass media which are different kinds of social relations.Mass media is the result and the symbol of modernity. Mass media has played a significant role in the development in our country.Unfortunately we have to face an awkward fact: it is because China’s theoretical study of mass media is poor and weak, the mainstream of the mass media introduced the theory from the West. The traditional Marxist theories have involved into dogma and rigid, and become the awkward situation of the national public opinion and propaganda. In the development of modernization in China, the mass media should be intentionally or unintentionally abandoned its social responsibility and become the tools of modernity of the West extend. However, modernity, the Flower of Modern Civilization cultivated in the western culture soil is the traditional characteristic of typical of "local knowledge". The significance of modernity to the whole of mankind is to promote the development of human society and the progress of civilization. The modernity has diversity characteristics rather than single one. Only the universal mode for every nation and every area i.e. "local modernity", can we achieve the ethnic regional modernization. Therefore, we must accurately comprehension of the connotation of modernity, the scientific consideration of every national modernization. The author sets forth an objective evaluation of the mass media of the national social development and cultural change. Only by this way can we correctly understand social and cultural changes of all nationalities in view of quality, characteristics and regulation, can we apply better function of the mass media to the ethnic social-cultural succession and development.更多还原