【作者】 王中文；

【导师】 陈晓律；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 世界史， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 中美建交后,美国对台湾的军火销售问题成了中美关系中最敏感问题之一。因为这是美国将台湾当作独立政治实体的标志,严重侵犯了中国的主权独立和领土完整,阻碍了中国的和平统一与和平崛起。美国的这一政策理所当然遭到中国的谴责和反对。因此,中美双方在美台军售问题上曾多次发生严重的冲突,几欲致中美关系的严重恶化和倒退。幸运的是中美都是大国,在许多问题上存在共同利益和合作,因此双方在这一问题上都有所克制,经过反复交涉后均以妥协告终,中美关系能够继续在冲突中发展。30多年来,中美双方在这一问题上存在着默契,美国基本上向台湾提供“防御性”武器,而严格控制“进攻性”武器;美国在作出重大的军售决策前后都会向中国政府通报,以免过分刺激中国;尽管美国一再声称不会与中国磋商售台武器事宜,但是美国实际上不得不考虑中国对该问题的严重关切。美国政府的每一笔军售不论大小多少,都是干涉中国内政、侵犯中国主权和有损中国民族尊严的行为,因而是中国政府难以容忍的,但是中国政府目前更关注美国售台武器是否对中国国安全构成严重威胁这个现实的问题,这是中国在美台军售问题上采取的一种不得已的现实主义政策。美国的这一军售政策符合和服务了美国的国家利益。因为30多年来这一政策维持了两岸分裂局面,同时又保证了中美关系不致破裂。因此,美国从来没有积极考虑解决这一问题,美国今后也不可能主动根据中国单方面的要求来解决这个问题。由于美台军售严重损害了中国的核心国家利益,随着时间的推移,中国显然越来越迫切地希望解决这个问题。从根本上讲,中国的发展程度和速度决定这个问题解决的进度和程度。在今后一段时间内,中美在美台军售问题上的斗争仍将继续。随着中国军事现代化进程的加速,美国将会继续提升美台军事关系,提高售台武器和军事技术的水平,继续抵消中国统一台湾的努力。不过由于双方在美台军售问题上的“危机管理”机制,中美关系仍有希望避免因之而发生严重危机。美台军售问题和每一次危机的出现都是美国方面引起的,因此,本文以卡特以来的五届美国政府为分期,选择每一个阶段中的一个典型的军售事件来研究分析中美在美台军售问题上的斗争经过。文章将每一次斗争都置于当时的中美关系的背景下来考察,详细研究问题的发生到暂时解决的过程。文章认为,中美在美台军售问题上的斗争始终在能够维系中美关系的框架内进行,这也是中美在美台军售问题上有斗争但是始终没有撕破脸和擦枪走火的原因;相信随着中国综合国力的进一步增强,这个问题最终将在维系中美关系平稳发展的框架下解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 After having established the foreign diplomatic relationship between China and the United States, the issue of America arms sales to Taiwan has been one of the most sensitive problems of Sino- American relations. On our position we regard the arms sales to Taiwan as American’s recognition Taiwan as an independent political entity, which seriously affront to China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. And also it hinders China’s unity and the Peaceful Rise. China has been always condemning and objecting to the policy of arms sales to Taiwan. It’s occurred several serious conflicts between China and USA, and sometimes nearly led to serious backward and worsen of the foreign relationship between China and United States. Luckily, as two great powers, China and USA have common interests and need cooperation on many important aspects. Thus, they have restrained themselves on the issues and compromising by negotiations to keep a smooth development of Sino-American relations without great damage to the relationship.More than 30 years, both sides have been obeyed a tacit agreement on this issue. USA provides Taiwan with“defensive”weapons but not“offensive”weapons. Principally, the USA has notified Chinese government the information on the large arms sales to Taiwan during the process of arms selling decision to avoid stimulating China’s over-reaction. Despite of USA claims not to consult with China on the matter of arms selling to Taiwan again and again, but the USA has to in fact consider Chinese grave concern on the issue. All the USA government’s arms sales to Taiwan is hard for Chinese government to put up with disregarding big or small, because of its intervention Chinese internal affair, infringing upon China’s sovereignty and being harmful to Chinese national dignity. But the Chinese government has shown more concern on the possible threaten of the sales, especially if it seriously endangering the safety of China,it is the realism policy that China has adopted on U.S. arms sales to Taiwan.The existing American arms sale policy has conformed to and served for American national interests, which has maintained the separation of the cross-strait and kept Sino-American relations from being broken at the same time. Thus the USA has not consider resolving this issue all along, and it is impossible for the USA to actively resolve this issue unilaterally beneficial to Chinese only. The policy of US arms sale to Taiwan having damaged the China’s core national interests gravely, it’s obviously that the Chinese government has felt more and more urgent to resolve the issue with time fading. However, the progress and degree of resolving of the issue was dependent on the development of China.The struggle between China and the USA on American arms sales to Taiwan would be continuing in the days to come. With the modernization of Chinese military, the USA will continue to hoist American-Taiwan military relation, and promote the level of the weapons and the military technology to counterbalance China’s efforts on unifying Taiwan. Because of the existence of the“crisis manages”mechanism between China and the USA on the issue, it is possible to avoid the grave crisis between Sino-American relations.The USA is the cause of every crisis on the issue, so the article take the time of five USA government since Carter as five periods, choosing a piece of representative event from every administration to study and analysis the struggle between China and the USA on American arms sales to Taiwan. All the struggles being examined are under the frame of the Sino-American relations, and every example was studied in detail from rise to solve temporarily. The article concluded that the struggle between China and the USA on American arms sales to Taiwan has still under the Sino-American relations frame all the time, which is also the key factor of the smooth going of the friendship. It is believed that with Chinese comprehensive national strength promoted, this issue will be resolved without breaking the frame of Sino-American relations.更多还原