“鞍钢宪法”的历史考察

【作者】 周勇；

【导师】 朱佳木；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 中国近现代史， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 “鞍钢宪法”是建国后十年社会主义企业管理经验的总结,它对于我国社会主义建设时期的企业管理和技术革新产生了积极影响。与此同时,由于受当时的社会历史条件制约,“鞍钢宪法”也不可避免地带有自身的局限性,并因而产生了一定的负面影响。本文对“鞍钢宪法”的历史背景、形成过程、历史影响进行了梳理和分析。在此基础上,又对其进行了相应的评价,不仅肯定其中科学合理的因素和积极的、正面的影响,从而在一定范围内总结社会主义建设的历史经验,而且不回避其中的失误和不足,并分析其中的原因,总结其中的教训。第一章主要是阐述“鞍钢宪法”诞生之前我国社会主义企业管理思想的发展状况,这是“鞍钢宪法”形成的重要历史背景之一。第二章阐述“鞍钢宪法”形成的具体过程。先是在第一章的基础上概括了“鞍钢宪法”的历史背景。接着阐述了鞍钢在50年代末60年代初的技术革新和技术革命运动中的突出表现以及毛泽东批示关于“鞍钢宪法”的具体过程。最后,结合对毛泽东批示的文本分析对“鞍钢宪法”的思想内容以及当时的解读作了系统分析。第三章阐述“鞍钢宪法”的曲折历史命运,也就是在其诞生以后的传播、推广状况及历史影响。在“鞍钢宪法”诞生之初,因为中苏论战的原因没有在国内公开宣传,只是在冶金工业部门和大型企业中进行了宣传和推广。在随后的国民经济调整时期,“鞍钢宪法”与贯彻《工业七十条》、学解放军、学大庆等结合起来,虽然在客观上得到了一定的继承和发扬,但也未形成单独的宣传声势。“文化大革命”时期,“鞍钢宪法”形成浩大的宣传声势,但却被严重的扭曲了。因此,改革开放之前“鞍钢宪法”没有获得全面的、科学的解读,这为它在改革开放之后的长期被忽视埋下了伏笔。随着市场经济的发展,“鞍钢宪法”的基本精神有逐渐引起了人们的关注。第四章是关于“鞍钢宪法”的历史评价。第一节分析“鞍钢宪法”诞生的历史必然性,主要包括四个方面的内容:首先是以“两参一改三结合”的历史必然性作典型分析,从认识论的角度论证“鞍钢宪法”的历史必然性。其次,将“两参一改”与天桥经验的“三参一改”进行比较,从内容与形式的角度分析“鞍钢宪法”的历史必然性。再次,从“宪法”的命名方式着手,通过层层剖析,论证“鞍钢宪法”作为十年社会主义企业管理经验总结的必然性。最后,逐层论证十年社会主义企业管理经验为什么会出现在东北、出现在鞍钢。第二、三节分别分析“鞍钢宪法”的历史局限性、合理内核。更多还原

【Abstract】 Angang Constitution is the precipitation of socialist enterprise management experience ten years after 1949, which for the period of socialist construction of China′s enterprise management and technological innovation had a positive impact. At the same time, due to time constraints, it also inevitably have their own limitations, and thus have a certain negative impact. In this paper, analysis of its historical background, formation and historical fate was well done. On this basis, corresponding evaluation of them not only affirmed the scientific and rational factors and positive impact, resulting in a certain range summed up the historical experience of socialist construction, but also not avoided its mistakes and shortcomings and analyzing the reasons for them to sum up the lesson.The first chapter mainly explained the historical background,as part of the background of Angang Constitution.The second chapter concentrated on the formation of a specific process of Angang Constitution. The outstanding performance of Anshan Iron and Steel Company in the late 50s and early 60s technical innovation and technical revolution movement, and the formation were chronologically explained. Then the effect Maozedong have on the Angang Constitution was promulgated, as well as the interpretation of the specific content of Angang Constitution shortly after it was announced.Chapter III concentrated on Aagnang Constitution′s fate of the tortured history, that is, in its subsequent dissemination of birth, promotion status and historical influence. Soon after it was born, because there was no reason for the Sino-Soviet polemics, it was publicized in the country only in the metallurgical industry sector of the small-scale publicity and promotion. In the ensuing period of national economic readjustment, Angang Constitution and implement the Industrial 70, In the whole country learn from the People′s Liberation Army, Industry learn from Daqing, although the objective has been to inherit and carry forward some, but did not form a separate publicity momentum. In the“Cultural Revolution”period, there was the formation of vast propaganda, but seriously distorted. Therefore, before the reform and opening up, Angang Constitution hag no access to comprehensive, scientific interpretation, which for its reform and opening up after the long-neglected foreshadowed. With the development of market economy, Angang Constitution are seeing a gradual rise to the basic spirit of the people′s attention.The fourth chapter is on the history of evaluation of Angang Constitution. section one has four parts on the inevitability of Angang Constitution. First, as a typical analysis, Analyzing the birth of the historical inevitability, mainly includes four aspects:“cadre attending labour; worker attending management; reforming unsuitable regulations; cadre, worker and technical personal combination”. Secondly, comparing“two participations, one reform”and the Tianqiao Experience of the“three parameters, one reform”, from the point of view of content and form analysis to expose its and Angang Constitution′s historical inevitability. Again, from the“constitution”naming, proceed through the layers of analysis and argumentation, to reveal Angang Constitution as summing up a decade of socialist inevitability of corporate management experience. Finally, layer by layer the experience demonstrated why the experience appears in the northeast, appears in Anshan. The other two sections respectively analyzed Angang Constitution′s historical limitations and rational core.更多还原