论香港特别行政区高度自治权的法理基础

【作者】 潘俊强；

【导师】 夏勇；

【作者基本信息】 中国社会科学院研究生院 ， 法理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 香港特别行政区高度自治权的法理基础究竟是什么?对此问题的讨论从起草香港基本法时期就已经开始。香港基本法实施以来,对香港特别行政区的高度自治权也一直存在分权说或均权说等认识,特别是2004年围绕香港政治体制发展问题中的“双普选”问题的讨论,出现了引用国际公约关于自决权规定的情况。本文试图采取案例研究与条文研究相结合的方法,通过比较研究和历史研究,将香港放在“一国两制”的大框架下,将“一国两制”放在中国的大历史中,来求证香港特别行政区高度自治权的法理基础。本文认为,香港的自治权来自主权授权,在授权框架下,一方面香港特区的权力来自中央的授予并且必须有一定的政治法律边界,另一方面,中央政府也必须严格依法行使权力,遵守自己通过香港基本法所作的庄严承诺。论文引言部分叙述目前关于香港特别行政区高度自治权的法理基础的不同理解,交代了文章研究的价值和意义。第一章在对地方自治的历史演变进行初步探究的基础上,重点对香港特别行政区高度自治权所包含的内容及特征进行了分析,然后对香港的高度自治权与其他地方自治形态包括欧美国家以及中国大陆省级单位的权力进行比较研究。第二章对香港特别行政区成立以来有关高度自治权行使的几个典型案例进行分析,如马维騉案、吴嘉玲案、关于行政长官和立法会于2007年以后的产生办法的争论、关于补选新行政长官的任期的争论等。第三章对香港特别行政区高度自治权与“一国两制”理论之间的关系进行了研究,对“一国两制”理论的形成与实践、概念及其含义、性质与意义等进行了研究考证。第四章对香港特别行政区高度自治权的授权性质进行了集中阐述。本章集中求证,香港特别行政区的成立并没有改变中国单一制的国家结构形式,香港只是一个中央授权高度自治的地方单位,其高度自治权来源于中央的授权。第五章对香港特别行政区高度自治权的监督与保障机制问题进行了研究。由于基本法不但深度下放了政治权力,还深度下放了法律权力尤其是司法权(终审权),这一特点必然要求中央政府目前通过法律监督之外的一定途径实现对特区高度自治的监督和保障,但从国家的长治久安来看,必须充分研究中央与香港之间关系的“法治化模式”,论文从现实可能和未来发展两方面进行了初步论述。结语从国家建构的角度对香港特别行政区乃至“一国两制”的前景进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 What is the rationale for the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy? Discussion of this issue began as early as when the Basic Law of HKSAR was first drafted. In the implementation of this law, there have been different ideas on the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy, such as power division and even distribution of power. In 2004, when the double universal suffrage of Hong Kong’s political system was discussed ardently, the problem of international self-determination provisions of the Convention emerged. This dissertation attempts to reveal that the rationale of the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy is the high degree of autonomy of sovereign authority. The research is committed by the methods of provision studies and case studies. In this dissertation, through comparative and historical research, the subject is studied against the background of Hong Kong’s“One Country Two Systems”, which in turn is placed against the background of the great history of China. In the framework of authorization, on the one hand, the power of the HKSAR is granted from the central government and cannot go beyond a certain political and legal boundary; on the other hand, the central government must exercise its powers strictly in compliance with its promises made in the Basic Law.The preface of the dissertation introduces different understandings of the rationale for Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy. In this part, the value and significance of the dissertation is also discussed.ChapterⅠ, based on an exploration of the evolution of local self-government, examines the extent and characteristics of the autonomy of Hong Kong, and compares Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy with other autonomous forms elsewhere in the world. The discussed autonomous forms include some in Europe and the United States and local powers of the provincial units in China’s mainland.In chapterⅡ, several typical cases related to the exercising of the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy are analyzed. Such cases include the Ma Kun case, the Ng Ka Ling case, the controversy over the election method of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council after 2007, and the argument on the term length of the Chief Executive in complement election.ChapterⅢillustrates the relationship between the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy and the theory of“One Country Two Systems”. Thorough discussion is also made on the formulation and application of the theory, on the concept and its meaning, and on its nature and significance.ChapterⅣconcentrates on the authorized quality of the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy. China is still a unitary state, even after the establishment of the HKSAR. This chapter attempts to indicate that Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy is granted by the central government, and that the HKSAR is only a local unit which enjoys a high degree of autonomy.In chapterⅤ, the supervision and protection mechanisms of the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy are studied. Through the Basic Law of HKSAR, not only the political power but also the judicial power, especially the final adjudication, was delegated to the HKSAR. This requires that the HKSAR’s high degree of autonomy should be supervised and ensured by the central government beyond the current legal means. However, to maintain the whole nation’s long-term stability, the“legal mechanism”for relationship between the central government and the HKSAR must be fully studied as soon as possible. The dissertation both analyzes the current application of the“legal mechanism”and looks into its future.In the conclusion part, the future of the HKSAR and even that of the“One Country Two Systems”is discussed in the context of the state construction of China.更多还原