【作者】 林齐；

【导师】 张杰； 李冬；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 土木工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国工业的高速发展,工业综合废水的排放量也在日益增加,受其自身水质影响,工业综合废水具有高油、高粘渣、高悬浮物的特性,并存在着有机污染物浓度较高又极难降解的问题,给污水厂的处理增加了难度,对受纳水体环境造成了极为严重的污染。著名东北老工业基地沈阳市的铁西区汇集了众多的重工业企业,其排放的包括制药、焦化和啤酒在内的污水具有典型的工业综合废水特质,由于较难处理或处理不彻底,已对受纳水体浑河乃至其干流辽河造成了一定程度的污染。本研究以沈阳铁西区某污水处理厂进水为原水,该水厂日处理水量40万吨,进水中40%为工业综合废水,以曝气生物滤池为主要处理工艺,出水基本符合国家二级排放标准,面临着紧迫的达标排放升级改造任务。根据水厂的实际情况,如要实现达标排放,一方面要进一步去除有机物和氨氮,另一方面要增加脱氮除磷功能。针对工业综合废水的特质,为实现污水的达标排放以及再生利用,设计了工业综合废水深度处理的全流程工艺,并开展了有针对性的单元处理试验研究,以及日处理水量2吨的中试研究。在预处理方面,使用混凝-气浮的工艺对工业综合废水中的油污、粘渣和悬浮物进行有效的去除,同时还能将造成水体富营养化的总磷予以去除。试验对混凝单元中使用的混凝剂进行了筛选,气浮单元采用加压溶气气浮方式,将污水中的杂质和混凝剂形成的残渣进行去除。为了提高难降解工业综合废水的可生化性,使其有助于后续的生物处理,在预处理阶段还进行了水解酸化试验研究,将工业综合废水中的大分子有机物降解为较易进行生化处理的小分子有机物。在二级处理方面,采用占地面积较小、出水水质稳定的曝气生物滤池工艺,有效的对工业综合废水中的有机物和氨氮进行去除。此外,试验还在生物滤池前段设置厌氧段,通过硝化液的回流实现曝气生物滤池的前置反硝化深度脱氮功能,该工艺充分利用原水中的有机物作为碳源,使出水的有机物和总氮浓度达标排放。综上,针对工业综合废水不易处理的问题,提出了化学除磷+气浮除油+水解酸化+前置反硝化曝气生物滤池处理工艺流程,即工业综合废水的深度处理全流程工艺,并通过中试研究对处理流程以及各个处理单元运行参数进行了优化,使其出水达到国家一级A排放标准的要求。同时将全流程工艺应用于水厂的达标排放升级改造工程,提出了全面的升级改造实施方案,为工业综合废水处理厂的建设和升级改造工作提供了理论依据和数据支持。针对难降解、不易处理的工业综合废水,提出的化学除磷+气浮除油+水解酸化+前置反硝化曝气生物滤池深度处理全流程工艺,以及污水处理厂全面的升级改造实施方案,对于我国各二级污水厂面临的达标排放升级改造工程具有普遍的推广和借鉴意义,为彻底解决工业综合废水对水环境的严重污染问题提供了可行的实施方案和处理工艺。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of Chinese industry, the discharge amount of industrial combined wastewater is increasing, it results to serious pollution of receiving water environment. Determined by itself water quality, the features of industry combined wastewater is the high concentration of oil pollution and suspended solids. For the plant, it is difficult to treat the decomposition organic pollutants.There are many industry factories and enterprises in the Tiexi district of Shenyang which is the famous industry basis in northeast of China. The discharge wastewater includes pharmacy, coking and brewage ones with the features of typical industrial combined wastewater. Because of difficult and incomplete treatment, the wastewater pollutes the receiving river of Xihe and its main river of Hunhe. To achieve the standard-attainment discharge and reutilization, designs on the whole process treatment for the industrial combined wastewater with the pilot of 2 t/d flow. In the process of pretreatment, uses the coagulation-air flotation to remove the oil pollution and suspended solids from the wastewater, meanwhile remove the phosphorus which leads to the water eutrophication. In this study, the category of coagulant was determined, the pressure solution air flotation was used to remove the residue which constituted by the suspended solids and the coagulant from the wastewater. To improve the biodegradability of industrial combined wastewater quality and make it helpful to the following biochemical treatment, the hydrolysis acidification was studied in the process of pretreatment, which degraded the refractory organics to the low molecular weight ones. In the process of secondary treatment, the biological aerated filter was studied which occupies small space and the quality of effluent is stable, the BAF can remove the organics and the ammonia nitrogen from wastewater. Otherwise the anaerobic was set up before the biological aerated filter, the pre-denitrification function was achieved by the nitrogen water recirculation. This process fully uses the organics of wastewater to be the carbon source, and the outflow total nitrogen meets the discharging standard. For the difficult decomposition and biochemistry treatment of industry combined wastewater, studies on the advanced treatment process involving chemical phosphorus removal, air-floated oil removal, hydrolysis acidification and the anoxic/oxic biological aerated filter, the feasibility of the process and the optimal parameters were determined to achieve the GB code first-level of wastewater discharge.The inflow of the industrial combined wastewater advanced treatment process is from a wastewater treatment plant in Tiexi district. The plant with 40 104t/d flow and GB code second-level of wastewater discharge applies the treatment process of high-density sedimentation sank and biological aerated filter, faces the urgent upgrading reconstruction. According the situation of plant, to meet the discharging standard, the existing process need to plus the ability of nitrogen and phosphorus removal, treat the suspended solids and organic pollutants advanced. The feasibility of the process and the optimal parameters were determined by the pilot, and the theoretical evidence and database can be used to the reference for the upgrading reconstruction of the industrial combined wastewater treatment plant.For the difficult decomposition and biochemistry treatment of industry combined wastewater, studies on the advanced treatment process involving chemical phosphorus removal, air-floated oil removal, hydrolysis acidification and the anoxic/oxic biological aerated filter, proposes the upgrading reconstruction process. Provides the signification of promotion and reference for the plant facing upgrading reconstruction. The feasible implementation program and process were proposed for the pollution of industry combined wastewater to the water environment.更多还原