【作者】 方海恩；

【导师】 张杰； 袁一星；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 市政工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 我国城市的空间布局与资源环境承载能力不相适应的问题现在越来越突出,城市缺水与水源污染日益加剧,致使城市供水系统现有供水格局面临严峻挑战。为了缓解城市用水供需矛盾,改善水源水质,许多城市实施长距离引水、水源置换等工程,形成不同水质多水源联合供水格局。水源的变更和新旧水源的切换会带来城市供水管网的安全配水问题,因此,如何科学合理的调配新旧水源,保证城市供水安全,并且实现供水系统的优化节能,成为供水行业亟待解决的问题。本文对水源切换下,多水源多水池供水系统优化调配与安全分析的理论和实践进行了广泛深入地研究。供水系统的传统水力模型为节点水量驱动模型,该模型虽被广泛采用,但难以反映供水管网的真实流态,尤其无法反映出供水系统的压力驱动水量和漏失特性。本文提出改进的管道漏失模型,将其与压力驱动漏失模型相结合进行供水系统水力模拟。以压力模拟、水量模拟和漏失模拟的权重方差为校核目标函数,以管段C值和管段漏失系数为调整参数,通过新的节点水量分配方法和GA优化算法对压力驱动漏失水力模型进行校核研究。研究供水系统储水池的动态模拟数学模型,将储水池模型与压力驱动漏失水力模型结合,研究多水池多水源供水系统的整合水龄,并分析不同进水模式下,储水池出水水龄的变化模式。本文提出水源切换下多水源供水系统的优化调配模型,目标函数为系统运行费用的最小化,漏失量的最小化以及节点平均水龄的最小化。针对混合泵站含有定速泵和调速泵的特性,提出新的混合编码方法和交叉算子,对优化模型的约束条件采用分层处理。另外,针对优化过程中生成的大量不可行解,提出个体修复规则,加速个体的寻优。为改善优化解的质量,提出一种以MOEA与局部优化算法相结合的混合多目标进化算法(Hybrid MOEA)。将多目标进化算法与多属性决策方法相结合求解多水源供水系统的优化调配模型。针对多储水池多水源供水系统的优化调配,采用两阶段方法求解。第一阶段,根据电价模式、水池调蓄能力和水池服务区用水量模式,决定每个储水池的优化储水策略。第二阶段,运用多目标进化算法优化泵站的运行,在满足管网用水量和水池进水量需求的前提下,实现供水系统的优化目标。本文探讨了水源更换对供水系统水质的影响,提出水源切换下供水系统的水质安全评价模型,构建了管网水体水质变化对水质的影响函数。研究水源切换条件下,供水系统的水质安全保障措施。以管网改造的经济性目标和水质影响后果的最小化为目标函数,建立基于水质安全的管网优化改造模型。以S市水源置换工程为实例,充分利用S市多储水池的调节能力,结合峰谷电价,建立以优化储水策略为基础的多水源优化调配模型,运用多目标进化算法与多属性决策进行优化求解。分别采用采用NSGA-II,epsilon-MOEA,SPEA2和混合多目标进化算法(HMOEA)求解,并对四种算法的Pareto解集进行比较,结果表明,本文提出的混合多目标进化算法相对其它算法求解结果较优。以混合多目标进化算法Pareto解集为例,运用多属性决策方法(TOPSIS)选取最终优化解,结果表明,通过对水源的优化调配,运行费用节省约6.7%,系统漏失率和节点平均水龄都有了较大改善。对水源切换后S市供水系统的水质安全进行分析与评价,应用表明该方法能为供水系统决策人员提供有效的决策分析,为供水系统的优化改造提供技术理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem that the spatial arrangement of city does not meet the bearing capacity municipal of water environment emerges as a major issue in our country. water shortage and environmental pollution stand out to be the two primary obstacles for water distribution system development. To relieve the contradictions between supply and demand and improve the water quality, many cities carried out the project of long distance water transfer and water source switch. During the process of water sources switching, the problem that how to operate the new and old water sources to make the water distribution system economical, reasonabl and safe is to be settled urgently in the world. This paper researches the theory and practice of optimal operation and safety analysis in water distribution system during the water source switch.The conventioanl hydraulic model in water distribuiton system is demand driven model, which can not model the pressure driven demand and represent the leakge characteristic. An improved pipe leakage model was developed and integrated into pressure driven demand hydraulic model to simulate the water supply network. In this paper, a new approach is proposed for calibrating pressure driven demand hydraulic and leakage model. This procedures uses a new node demand distribution method and Genetic Algorithm to solve the calibration objective, which involves comparing meaured system flows, pressures, and leakages with computer simulations. Pipe roughness and leakage coefficient are chosed as adjusting parameters. This paper integrates the dynamic storage tank model with the hydraulic model to simulate the water age in outflow of storage tank. Under the condition of different inflow pattern of storage tank, the corresponding pattern of water age in outflow is analyzed and compared.Optimal operation of multi-source water distribution system during the process of water source switch is a large-scale non-linear optimization problem with discrete and continuous variables, which represents one of the most difficult problems to solve. The proposed optimal operation model inclueds three objectives: minimization of operation cost (energy cost +treatment cost), minimization of leakage flow, and minimizaiton of avage age in water network nodes. A mixed coding methodology and a new crossover operator are developed according to the characteristics of decision variables. the constraints are handled with dirrent level.according to its importance. To improve the quality of optimal solutions, a Hybrid MOEA is proposed which combined with a local search algorithm and multiple attribute decision methoto solve the water source scheduling problem.A two-stage method is proposed to solve a new class of multi-storage tank multi-source system. In the first stage, the optimal storage policy of each tank is determined according to the electricity tariff, and the ground-level storage tank is modeled as a node. In the second stage, multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is applied to solve pump scheduling problem under the condition of meeting the water network demand and storage volume.This paper discusses the influence of water source switching on water quality in drinking water distribution system. The influence function of water source switching is proposed to assement water quality safety. Physical control measures are optimized to guarantee water quality safety. An optimal rehabilitation model considering water qualtiy is developed, which involves economic objective and effect conference of water quality.Taking shenyang water supply system as an example, the optimal schedule model of multi-tank multi-source water distribution system was solved by multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and multiple attribute decision method. Four kinds of MOEAS (NSGA-II, epsilon-MOEA, SPEA2, Hybrid MOEA) are implemented and compared.. By application of the proposed method in Shenyang water distribution system, daily operation cost savings of approximately 6.7% is obtained, and the leakage rate and aveage age of network nodes are improved greatly. Practical application of this method shows that proposed optimal operation and decision model can make efficient decision to support the operators.更多还原