【作者】 许剑峰；

【导师】 宋昆；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 我国的城市建设以“一年一变样,三年大变样”的速度突飞猛进,城市形态的演变快速而剧烈,并呈现出许多新的特征,让人目不暇接甚至眼花缭乱。在我国城市空间扩展迅速、规划实践空前发展的情况下,探索城市形态演变背后的成因机制具有重要的理论和现实意义。城市形态成因机制的研究,不仅决定着我们如何去认识已经形成的城市形态,也影响着塑造城市形态时所采取的方式和手段,而我们今天的行为必然会对未来的城市形态产生深远影响。城市形态是在历史的发展过程中产生的,其形态演变背后隐藏着某种秩序和成长的规律。每个国家的城市建设都摆脱不了工业化发展的影响和经济的推动,但产生出来的城市形态却大相径庭。对比研究各国的城市形态,发现城市形态的形成离不开法律法规的支配和国家的政策导向。法律法规体系对城市形态的生成和演变起着关键的引导和控制作用。因此,城市形态不仅是一种空间现象,更是一种法律现象。在研究城市形态时,不能脱离它赖以生存的法律土壤。城市规划法制建设是各个国家在政治、经济形势的影响下,随着城市建设的发展和法制建设的加强逐步完善起来的。由于国情和体制的差异,各国所采用的管理制度也不尽相同,但其共同特点都是以法律的方式控制和引导城市的发展。20世纪90年代以来我国城市形态的演化受到国家法律法规和地方政策的强烈影响,使其表现出许多不同于西方经典模式的特征。离开了法律法规、制度环境和政策行为的分析,几乎无法合理解释我国城市形态演变所呈现出来的种种现象。全文围绕城市规划的法律属性,从法律法规的视角出发,分析影响城市形态发展的法律法规因素,探讨城镇化进程中政策、法律法规对城市形态的影响。文章厘清了我国城市规划的控制体系,并在法律法规体系、法定规划体系和规划管理体系构成的框架内研究城市形态。研究表明,城市形态的演变离不开法律法规和技术规范的约束。文章从法理的角度分析了城市规划失控的原因,进而引发对城市规划法治问题的思考。该项研究不仅与目前国内城市规划所高度关注的物质空间建立起紧密联系,而且为城市规划的法治化提供了理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The urban construction in our country develops at a rapid speed: one year sees a change in appearances; and three years a major change. Consequently the evolution of urban morphology is fast and radical, demonstrating many new features, which are dizzying even dazzling. Urban space expands at a high speed and urban planning practice develops in an unprecedented manner. In this context, to explore the genetic mechanism behind the evolution of urban morphology is of theoretical and practical significance. The exploration of such genetic mechanism not only decides how we understand the urban morphology that has taken shape; it also exerts influences upon the ways and means by which urban morphology is shaped. Meanwhile our actions today will inevitably have a profound impact on urban morphology in the future. Urban morphology is generated during the process of historicaldevelopment. Behind the evolution of forms there hide a certain order and law of growth. Cities in different historical periods and different regions cannot escape the industrial development and economic promotion, while producing a variety of urban morphology. A comparative study on urban morphology in different countries leads to a finding that the generation of urban morphology is subject to laws and regulations. National policy guidance and regulatory system play a key role in guiding and controlling the formation and evolution of urban morphology. As a result, urban morphology is not just a spatial phenomenon, but a legal one. The study of urban morphology cannot be divorced from the legal soil in which it survives.The legal construction of urban planning has been gradually improved by various countries under the influence of political and economic situations in different historical periods, with the development of urban construction and strengthening of legal systems. Due to differences in national conditions and systems, the management systems employed by countries also vary. But their common feature is a legal way to control and guide the development of the city. Since the 1990s, the evolution of urban morphology in our country has been heavily influenced by state laws and regulations as well as local policies, as a result of which it shows many features different from Western classical mode. Without the analysis of laws and regulations, institutional environment and policy behavior, almost no reasonable explanation could be given for the variety of phenomena emerged in the evolution of urban morphology.The present thesis is organized around the legal characteristics of urban planning, analyzing the regulatory factors in the development of urban morphology and exploring the influence of policies, laws and regulations on urban morphology during the process of urbanization from the perspective of laws and regulations. The paper also clarifies the control system of urban planning in China and conducts a research on urban morphology within a framework formed by the system of laws and regulations, the statutory planning system and planning management system. The results show that the evolution of urban morphology can not do without the constraints of laws and regulations and technical specifications. The causes for why city planning is out of control have been investigated from a legal point of view; what is more, reflection is triggered on the rule of law in urban planning. The present study not only establishes a close contact with the physical space that domestic urban planning is highly concerned with, but also provides theoretical foundation for legalization of urban planning.更多还原