【作者】 吴传荣；

【导师】 曾德明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 企业管理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 高技术企业已成为促进社会经济发展的主导产业,高技术企业技术创新对知识的需求导致创新网络的产生。创新网络中企业的合作与资源共享必然伴随着知识转移,能否快速有效的转移知识是高技术企业技术创新网络发展战略决策的关键内容。因此,研究高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移这一问题具有重要的理论与实践意义。创新网络中知识转移影响因素众多,要素间关系复杂,如何找出高技术企业技术创新网络中影响知识转移各因素的关系,因素间的作用机制及其对高技术企业技术创新网络经济发展的贡献情况,如何选择知识转移合作伙伴,以及如何确定知识转移最优时间是研究高技术企业技术创新网络急需解决的问题。已有研究主要集中在影响因素的定性研究方面,定量方面的方面的研究主要集中在计量经济模型、博弈模型或使用DEA或基于问题的SEM等的管理实证模型,这些方法对高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移各因素间的作用机制的确定、合作伙伴的选择以及知识转移时间优化问题方面的可操作性不强。本文拟用系统动力学方法分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移各因素间的作用机制,用多目标模糊优选理论方法选择最佳知识转移合作伙伴,用期望利润最大法求解知识转移最优时间,从而给出知识转移的相关量化指标体系,并建立模型,为高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移问题提供操作性较强的量化研究,并给出相关的政策建议。主要内容包括:首先,分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的特性。高技术企业技术创新网络具有系统性和非线性特性,知识对创新网络中企业的成长、企业竞争力的提升和创新网络经济发展有重要影响。在对高技术企业技术创新网络中知识分类的基础上,分析了知识转移的影响因素、一般过程及基本模式。通过分析得出,知识转移的最终目标之一是知识的标准化、制度化以及创新网络整体创新能力的提升。在此基础上,提出了在高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的主要实现途径为协作研发与技术标准合作。其次,利用系统动力学方法构建高技术企业技术创新网络知识转移的系统动力学模型。在分析知识转移对创新网络经济增长影响的基础上,将高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移活动看成一个系统,用系统动力学方法分析高技术企业技术创新网络中各主体间的因果关系,构建高技术企业技术创新网络知识转移的系统动力学模型,模拟知识转移对高技术企业技术创新网络经济的贡献。通过调整有关敏感性参数,对在不同情况下知识转移对高技术企业技术创新网络经济贡献大小进行预测分析,从而找出影响高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移的各因素的关系,因素间的作用机制及其对高技术企业技术创新网络经济发展的贡献情况。第三,运用多目标模糊综合评价方法构建高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移主体合作优选模型。根据高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移主体的地位及职能,对知识转移主体合作选择的影响因素进行分析,建立知识转移合作主体的评价指标体系,并利用多目标优化决策理论构造定量决策分析模型,从而为选择知识转移主体提供决策支持。第四,以期望利润最大化为目标,建立高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移时间最优化模型。在分析高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移时间风险及影响因素的基础上,考虑高技术企业创新网络中影响知识转移的知识吸收能力、网络知识更新率、折现率、转移时间、市场占有率及产品生命周期等因素,建立期望利润随知识转移时间变化的模型;通过对模型的参数进行设置,可求出知识转移的最优时间。最后,利用上述知识转移影响因素作用机制分析、知识转移主体合作策略以及知识转移时间优选方法的研究成果,提出了促进高技术企业技术创新网络中知识转移应当采取的对策,并给出了相关的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-tech enterprises have become the dominant industry that can promote the development of socio-economy. The demand for knowledge of high-tech enterprises’technological innovation has led to the emergence of innovation network. The cooperation between enterprises and resource sharing in innovation network is bound to be accompanied by knowledge transfer. Transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently are the key strategic elements in the development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Therefore, the study of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network has important theoretical and practical significance.There are many factors that influence the activities of knowledge transfer in innovation network, and the relationship between these factors is very complex. How to find out the relationship and the mechanism between factors that influence knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and the contribution to economic development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, how to choose partners, and how to determine the optimal time of knowledge transfer are the urgent issues to be considered when studying high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Researches have mainly focused on the qualitative study of influencing factors, and quantitative study mainly focused on empirical models such as econometric model, game model, DEA or SEM, which is not operational to determine the mechanism between factors, choose partners and find out the optimal time of knowledge transfer. This paper proposes use the method of system dynamics to analyze the mechanism between factors of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, use the method of multi-objective fuzzy optimization to choose the best partner, and use time optimization model to find out the optimal time of knowledge transfer. The paper also presents the relevant quantitative indicators of knowledge transfer, and establishes models, which could provide more operational quantitative research of the activities of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and gives some policy recommendations. The main contents of the paper include:Firstly, we analyze the characteristics of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. High-tech enterprises technological innovation network has systemic and non-linear characteristics. Knowledge has great impact on the growth of enterprises, the enhancement of enterprises’competitiveness and the economic development of innovation network. Based on the classification of knowledge in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, we analyze influencing factors, the general process and the basic pattern. Through analysis, we conclude that one of the ultimate goals of knowledge transfer is the standardization and institutionalization of knowledge, and the enhancement of innovation capability of the whole innovation networks. We propose that the main channels of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network be R&D cooperation and technical standard cooperation.Secondly, we use the method of system dynamics to build the system dynamics model of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. Based on the analysis of the influence of knowledge transfer on economic growth of innovation networks, we take the activity of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network as a system, use the method of system dynamics to analyze the causal relationship between organizations, construct system dynamics model, and simulate the contribution of knowledge transfer to the economy of high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. By adjusting the sensitive parameters, we can predict the economic contribution of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network under different circumstances. So we identify the relationship and the mechanism between factors that influence knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network, and the contribution to economic development of high-tech enterprises technological innovation networkThirdly, we use multi-objective fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build organizations’cooperation optimization model of knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation network. According to the position in innovation network and the functions of organizations, we analyze the factors that influence partners’choice, establish the evaluation index system of knowledge transfer, construct quantitative decision-making model by using multi-objective optimization decision-making theory and thus give decision-making support for partners’selection of knowledge transfer.Fourthly, we establish a time optimization model of knowledge transfer, hoping that the expectations of profit are maximized. Based on the analysis of time risk and influencing factors in high-tech enterprises innovation networks, a model of expectations of profit is presented, which can determine the optimal time of knowledge transfer. Important factors, such as knowledge absorption capacity, update rate of knowledge in network, discount rate, the time of knowledge transfer, market share, product life cycle, etc. are taken into account in the model. By setting the parameters of the model, we can obtain the optimal time for knowledge transfer.Lastly, based on the above research results and analysis of influencing factors of knowledge transfer and the mechanism between factors, the cooperation strategy for knowledge transfer and the method of optimal time for knowledge transfer, we take some countermeasures to promote knowledge transfer in high-tech enterprises technological innovation networks, and give some policy recommendations.更多还原