【作者】 肖栋；

【导师】 王恩元； Satya Harpalani；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 安全技术及工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 在中国目前能源结构中,尽管煤炭在能源份额中有下降趋势,但是市场需求逐年增加。随着开采量的增加,煤矿瓦斯灾害事故虽呈下降趋势,但仍时有发生。煤层注水与水力作业在解决煤矿安全与生产难题的同时,也改变了煤层微生物生存环境。本文针对煤层产甲烷菌在新的环境条件下是否能够产生大量甲烷气体,增加煤层瓦斯含量,影响煤矿安全展开了深入的研究。本文利用同位素分析法,对煤样中的甲烷生成方式、甲烷菌的活动迹象以及类别进行了综合性分析。并通过地下水与煤层气的氢同位素分析证实生物气的来源。分析结果表明Springfield与Seelyville煤层中具有甲烷菌的活动迹象,并且甲烷菌隶属于二氧化碳转化甲烷菌种。通过以水为培养条件下的甲烷菌群的环境适应特征(温度,环境酸碱度,营养元素以及能量需求等)研究,对甲烷菌的环境适应性作出分析。对煤层环境能否满足产甲烷菌群的生存特征以及由于水力作业或注水过程中受水或乳化液影响,对煤层环境的变化能否激活菌群做出了判定。根据产甲烷菌群对煤中有机物的选择性代谢特征研究,证实了,伴随代谢过程对煤中有机成分的消耗,甲烷菌群的种群数量和产气速率将受到影响。通过以乳化液为培养条件下,对干燥煤层与湿润煤层中产甲烷菌的生存特征进行了细致分析。结果表明乳化油非但无法抑制产甲烷菌群的活性,反而会由于二氧化碳固定特性使其有利于微生物对碳元素的获取。乳化油作用下形成的煤表面的油膜,为绝对厌氧的产甲烷微生物提供了理想的生存环境。因此乳化液不具备对产甲烷菌的抑制作用,相反其能够有效促进产甲烷菌的代谢和繁殖。水力作业和注水过程中,由于水或乳化液对煤层微生物生存环境的改变,能够使休眠状态的产甲烷菌群被激活,利用煤中的部分有机、无机成分作为营养源完成代谢、生长,并产生甲烷气体,是煤层甲烷含量增加,从而增加了矿山瓦斯灾害发生的危险性。该论文有图85幅,表13个,参考文献105篇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Coal is a kind of important fuel for energy resource structure of China. And the requirement of coal greatly increases with the development of China market. When water or emulsion used in mining or improve safety condition, it also changes the microbial living environment in coalbed. The doctoral dissertation is focus about the methogen consortia activity changes in the new coalbed environment and whether they can yield many methane out to influence the mining safety condition.This dissertation study about the methane yield method, methanogen active in history and methanogen type by synthesize using isotopes analysis method and compare coalbed gas with pyrolysis gas. Research identified that Springfield and Seelyville coabed have the activities sign of methanogen, and they belong to carbon dioxide metabolism methanogen.This dissertation has studied about the environment motility of methanogen with different conditions which include temperature, pH level, nutrition, energy requirement etc in water. And assess the methanogen active ability with coalbed condition and water influence when water injection or hydraulic work..Analysis the nutrition component in coal is in a certain condition. With metabolism process by bacterial, the nutrition with can be used by methogen consortia will reduce and can influence the consortia methane yield ability. The conclusion is based on the coordination characteristics of methanogen consortia.With study about methanogen consortia activity ability in emulsion with wet and dry coal sample, this thesis identified that emulsion not only can’t inhibit the bacterial consortia, but also improve them methane yield ability. Otherwise, emulsion can form a kind of oil film on suffice of coal. It can provide a nice anaerobic environment for methanogen consortia.The conclusion of this thesis is environment changes with water or emulsion in water injection process can provide enough methanogen consortia active conditions. The bacterial consortia can use some organic component of coal and groundwater as nutrition to yield methane and carbon dioxide with high speed. The new methane source will let the safe condition of coalbed more serious. This phenomenon should pay enough attention as a new gas disaster factor for mining. The thesis contains 85 figures, 13 tables and 92 references.更多还原