【作者】 张洪海；

【导师】 胡明华；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 交通信息工程及控制， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 航空运输业的持续快速发展,势必引起空中交通流量迅速增长,空中交通需求的急剧增加与容量供给相对缩小之间的矛盾将日益突出,空域管理者和使用者之间的矛盾也将愈演愈烈,运行流量管理协同决策机制是构建我国和谐空管的迫切需要。机场终端区作为我国空管的瓶颈,研究相应的协同流量管理关键技术的重要意义不言而喻。论文全面分析了国内外协同流量管理的发展现状、发展趋势及其最新研究成果;深入剖析了机场终端区协同流量管理的相关理论基础、经典方法以及主要研究成果;系统论述了机场终端区协同流量管理的主要研究内容、关键问题和未来的研究方向。研究了机场终端区交通供需平衡问题,提出了协同容流调配理念,建立了基于多元受限的单机场和多机场终端区协同容流调配模型。从大多数机场进离场相关的实际情况出发,基于进离场容量相互转化和系统容量动态变化,建立协同容流调配优化模型。算例仿真结果表明,模型可以在协同最优化容量与流量的同时兼顾航空公司利益,增加容流调配的实效性、灵活性和自主性,使之更趋合理。研究了协同地面延误程序(CDM GDP)时隙分配问题,提出了基于有效性、功效性和公平性(3E)的CDM GDP时隙分配优化方法,建立了相应的量化评价指标。根据CDM原理,按照我国社会的资源分配原则,通过考虑技术有效性、总体功效性和合理公平性,建立了基于3E的CDM GDP时隙分配单目标和多目标优化模型,模型可以在充分利用受限资源的前提下,实现时隙分配的最优性和延误分摊的均衡性。通过考虑机场容量的动态性和进离场航班的相关性,拓展深化研究了CDM GDP时隙分配问题,提出了协同进离场地面延误程序(CDM ADGDP)和多机场协同地面延误程序(CDM MAGDP),分别建立了基于3E的进离场容量与时隙协同配置模型,实现了容量与时隙的合理、有效配置。研究了协同地面延误程序(CDM GDP)时隙交换问题,提出了基于MAS协调的CDM GDP时隙动态交易机制与策略。借鉴SCS时隙交易机制和市场机制,提出了有条件式时隙拍卖机制,采用单边付款的形式实现交易过程,并以效用表示航空公司的自主决策,建立了基于BDI的AOC Agent协调交易推理策略,提高了CDM GDP时隙交换的自主性、协同性和适用性。针对“一对一”简单交换和“多对多”复杂交换问题,分别给出了相应的MAS协调交易模型。研究了航班调度问题(ASP),提出了协同航班调度策略,建立了基于优先权和基于多准则的协同航班调度模型。基于优先权的协同航班调度模型,集成了空管、机场和航空公司等因素,通过引入航班优先级转移航班之间的延误,实现了航空公司的内部自主决策;基于多准则的协同航班调度模型,综合了空管、机场和航空公司等因素,通过采用安全、效率、公平和负荷等多准则,在确保安全的条件下,最大限度地降低了延误,并使延误在航空公司之间均摊,同时又兼顾了管制工作负荷。研究了协同流量管理系统,概要提出了适合我国的协同流量管理系统的体系结构和总体构架;结合本论文研究的关键技术,应用MAS方法,初步设计了终端区协同流量管理系统,为下一步的研发提供借鉴与支持。最后,总结了本论文的主要研究成果,并展望以后的研究方向。本论文的研究不仅完善了机场终端区流量管理理论与方法,而且对决策者在实际中的应用也具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With increasingly development of air transport industry, it is bound to cause rapid growth of air traffic flow; it will highlight the contradiction between the sharp increase of demand and the relatively decrease of supply, as well as the contradiction between airspace managers and its users. So running CDM mechanisms in ATFM is a necessity for building harmonious ATM in China. Since airport terminal area is the bottleneck of ATM, the importance to research key technologies in CDM is self-evident.In this dissertation, the status quo, development trend and the latest research results of collaborative flow management are summarized comprehensively; the relevant theoretical foundation, classical methods and main research results are analyzed deeply; the main research content, key issues and future trends of the theory in airport terminal area are dissertated systematically.The dissertation pursues a systemic research on the balance problems between supply and demand, it puts forward the concept of collaborative allocating capability and flow, and presents optimization models based on multi-restrict constraints for single airport terminal area and multi-airport terminal area. Since the arrivals and departures are two interdependent processes in most of airport, it builds collaborative optimization models of allocating capability-flow based on arrival-departure capability trade-offs and dynamic characteristics. The results show that these proposed models can provide optimal allocating schemes of capacity and flow with airline’s preferences, increase effectiveness and autonomy.The slot allocation problems are studied at great length in CDM GDP, optimization models are proposed based on the principle of Effectiveness-Efficiency-Equity (3E) in single airport and multi-airport, and some indexes are also introduced to evaluate equity among airlines. According to the resource allocation principles in Chinese society, a single-objective optimization model and multi-objective optimization model are built based on 3E principle under CDM mechanism. These models are able to make best use of limited resources, minimize the total delay cost and balance it among airlines. Taking dynamic capacity and the relativity of arrival-departure into account, an Arrival-Departure GDP (ADGDP) and Multi-Airport GDP (MAGDP) in CDM are presented, the corresponding optimization model are built to collaboratively allocate airport capability and slot resources.The slot exchange problems are also studied deeply in CDM GDP, a dynamic slot trading mechanism and strategy are presented based on MAS coordination. Learning from SCS and a market mechanism, a slot trading mechanism with conditional auction is proposed. It uses unilateral payment form to implement transactions, expresses airlines’autonomous decision-making by utility, and builds a coordination trading reasoning strategy for AOC Agent based on BDI. Simulation results show that it can raise the autonomy, coordination and applicability of slot exchange in CDM GDP. Corresponding MAS coordination trading models are built for both simple exchange and complex exchange problems.The dissertation pursues an in-depth research on aircraft scheduling problem (ASP), puts forward a collaborative aircraft scheduling strategy, and proposes a priority-based optimization model and a multi-objection optimization model with the interests of ATC, airports and airlines. The priority-based optimization model is capable of transferring one flight’s delay to another by priority so as to make intramural decision for airlines; the multi-objection optimization model is able to ensure safety, minimize the total delay cost and balance it among airlines, and minimize ATC workload.The dissertation also summarily proposes the architecture and framework of collaborative flow management system in China, and preliminarily designs a system based on MAS with proposed key problems in airport terminal area, these can provide reference and support for next R & D.In the end, the dissertation summarizes the main research and outlooks for further study.In a word, the dissertation’s researches not only consummate flow management theory and methods in airport terminal area, but also have some guiding significance to policymakers in practical application.更多还原