【作者】 吴永明；

【导师】 万金保；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 环境工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 规模化养殖能够极大提高生产效率和饲养转换率,降低成本,增加经济效益；随着规模化养殖迅速发展,也带来了一系列的环境新问题,特别是规模化猪场废水是一种高含氮有机废水,传统的厌氧消化处理方法不具备生物脱氮的能力,且经常引起出水C/N比例失调,增加后续脱氮难度。本文立足于国内外规模化养殖废水生物处理研究的最新成果,提出采用新型IC-SBBR组合工艺处理猪场废水,详细研究该组合工艺处理猪场废水的启动特性和系统稳定运行条件优化,并考察了工艺工程化应用的可行性,充分利用两者的组合优势促进猪场废水高效脱碳除氮。实验室试验结果表明,通过接种部分厌氧污泥,IOC反应器通过62d培养驯化,容积负荷提升至6 kgCOD/(m3·d), COD去除率达到81.5%,颗粒污泥粒径增大,但由于厌氧环境下将废水中少量有机氮转化为无机氮,IOC反应器出现了出水NH4+-N浓度高于进水NH4+-N浓度情况。将城市污水处理厂氧化沟的活性污泥作为SBBR启动菌种来源,经过24d的培养驯化,SBBR的COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别可以达到85%、90%和87%以上,并可以稳定运行,确定了SBBR合适运行工况为进水0.25h、厌氧3h、好氧7h、沉淀0.5h、排水0.25h、闲置1h,排泥时间7d。实验室研究过程中,工艺对猪场废水中COD、NH4+-N具有较高的处理能力,但总氮平均去除率仅有28.5%；本文通过增加SBBR缺氧-好氧交替频次和添加30%猪场原水两种方式,提升工艺的COD、NH4+-N特别是TN去除效果,增加SBBR缺氧-好氧交替频次可以使TN去除率提升到78.6%。添加30%原水可以使TN去除率提升到50%以上；而由于减少了硝态氮对除磷的干扰,TP去除率也可达到80%以上,处理系统的稳定性得到增强。同时,本文还探讨了同步厌氧氨氧化产甲烷反硝化在IOC-SBBR工艺中实现的可能性,实验室研究结果表明工艺启动完成后,厌氧氨氧化活性为4.12 mgNH4+-N/(gVSS·h))或者6.65 mgNO2--N/(gVSS·h);厌氧活性污泥呈红褐色,颗粒呈不规则的椭圆球状,污泥中的细菌有许多为不规则的短杆小球状细菌,属于厌氧氨氧化菌的典型特证；IOC反应器中亚硝氮的去除效果一直高于氨氮的去除效果,NO2--N/NH4+-N去除的比率约为1.44,大于1.32的厌氧氨氧化理论值,说明IOC反应器N02--N和N03--N的去除,除了占主导地位的厌氧氨氧化反应外,通过反硝化作用也实现了部分硝态氮的去除。本文在实验室研究基础上,进一步对本工艺工程化的应用进行了研究,示范工程研究结果表明：通过在SBBR反应器中添加30%猪场原水增强厌氧消化液的可生化性,COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除效果得到明显提升；去除率分别提高38.9%、12.15%和7.2%；在IOC-SBBR工艺之后辅助人工湿地进一步脱氮除磷,组合工艺对高含氮猪场有机废水处理效果明显,经过16个月稳定运行,组合工艺的平均去除率：COD 96.5%,NH4+-N 89%,SS 96.2%,TP 86%；工艺出水水质达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596-2001)要求,折合吨废水处理费用为1.27元,工艺实现了良好的生态和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Large-scale farming can greatly improve production efficiency and raise conversion rates, reduce costs and increase economic efficiency; with the rapid development of large-scale farming, also cause a new series of environmental problems also, especially swine wastewater contain high nitrogen and organic, the traditional method of anaerobic digestion can not have the ability of biological nitrogen removal, and often cause the low C/N ratio of the anaerobic digesting fluid and the difference of biochemistry degradation.Based on the latest research findings on swine wastewater biological treatment in both domestic and abroad, the article proposed that adopt the new combine IC-SBBR process to treat swine wastewater, that the full advantages of the combine process can realize biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiently; the system start-up conditions optimization and the feasibility engineering applications were detailed studied.The laboratory test result indicated that with the vaccination of some anaerobic sludge, the IOC reactor through 62d domestication, the volume load promotion to 6kg COD/(m3·d), COD removal rate achieved 81.5%, anaerobic granular sludge size increases, but under the anaerobic environment, some organic nitrogen converted to the inorganic nitrogen, caused the effluent NH4+-N concentration of IOC reactor was higher than the influent, the SBBR vaccination originated from the Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants oxidation ditch’s active sludge, through 24d domestication, COD, NH4+-N and the TP removal rate could achieve 85%,90%and 87%separately, and the SBBR operation steady, the SBBR appropriate operating condition was enter 0.25h, anaerobic 3h, aerobic 7h, precipitation 0.5h, drain 0.25h, idle 1h and arranged putty time 7d.In the laboratory research, the process had the high ability on removal of COD and NH4+-N, but the total nitrogen (TN) average removal rate only reached 28.5%; The optimization of SBBR operation mode to increase the oxygen-anoxic alternating frequency and increases 30%raw swine wastewater could promotion COD, NH4+-N and specially TN removal rate, increased the oxygen-anoxic alternating frequency caused the TN removal rate achieved 78.6%. Increases 30%raw wastewater made the TN removal rate promotion to above 50%, for reducing the nitrite disturbance on the phosphorus, TP removal rate also achieved above 80%, the system’s stability obtains the enhancement.At the same time, the article also discussed the possibility of simultaneous methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation process realize on the IOC-SBBR system, the laboratory findings indicated anaerobic ammonia oxidation activeness was 4.12 mg NH4+-N/(gVSS-h) or 6.65 mgNO2--N/(gVSS-h) after the process start-up successfully, the anaerobic granule sludge assumed the sorrel, the pellet assumed the spherical anomalous ellipse, the anomalous short pole small spherical bacterium stayed in the sludge, which is the character of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacterium, the nitrite removal rate was always higher than the nitrate in IOC reactor, the NO2-N/NH4+-N removal ratio was about 1.44, which was higher than anaerobic ammonia oxidation theoretical values 1.32, this can be explained in addition to the dominant anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactions, denitrification was also achieved on partial NO2-N and NO3-N removal in the IOC reactor.Based on the laboratory research foundation, further project’s application research also achieved, the demonstration engineering research indicated:through increases 30%raw swine wastewater in the SBBR reactor to strengthen the biochemistry ofthe anaerobic digesting fluid, COD, NH4+-N and the TP removal rate obtained the obvious promotion, which enhanced 38.9%,12.15%and 7.2% respectively. The constructed wetlands was auxiliary the IOC-SBBR process to further denitrogenation of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the combined process had the high ability removal on swine wastewater, through 16 month steady operations, the combined process had the average removeal rate on COD 96.5%, NH4+-N 89%, SS 96.2%, TP 86%. The effluent quality of the combined process achieved GB 18596-2001 "Poultry Fish breeding and poultry raising Pollutant discharge Standard", equivalent tons of waste water treatment costed of 1.27 yuan, the combined processs achieved a good ecological and social benefits.更多还原