【作者】 侯增周；

【导师】 孙健；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 农业经济与管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 当前,我国正处于传统农业向现代农业转变的重要历史时期,生态农业产业化代表了现代农业的发展方向。资源型企业对周边生态环境具有重要影响。经过近50年的高速开发,胜利油田对周边生态环境造成了很大的影响。近10年以来,生态环境保护愈来愈受到国家和各地区各级政府部门的重视,各项环保政策相继出台。2009年12月,“黄河三角洲高效生态经济区发展规划”正式得到国家批复,自此,黄河三角洲的发展被提升为国家战略,高效生态经济也成为该区域未来发展的趋势。东营市是国家规划黄河三角洲区域的中心城市,它也是胜利油田的发源地。本研究对胜利油田东营区域的生态农业发展问题进行研究,并从县域、产业和农户三个层次上评价了东营生态农业模式。评价采用定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法。定量分析所依据的数据来源,一方面是近年东营市和项目县的统计年鉴、县志等序列数据；另一方面是实地调查数据,包括入户问卷调查得到的数据。研究发现：胜利油田东营区域通过大力发展高效生态农业作为恢复环境的主要措施,将其视为该地区经济可持续发展的必由之路。经过多年的发展,东营市已经形成了6种生态农业模式。目前,东营在政策、资源、区位、农业产业等方面具有发展生态农业的优势。然而,东营生态农业的发展也面临农业基础薄弱、生态十分脆弱、建设的资金投入不足、人才资源相对匮乏、民众参与不够、产业化程度较低等问题。在国家农业综合开发项目的支持下,东营市县级生态农业建设也取得了一定的成绩。垦利县根据本区域的自然资源、环境及农业生产状况,发展六种生态农业适用模式。对垦利县生态农业建设的评价结果显示,2004-2008年垦利县生态农业建设综合效益指数曲线基本是持续上升的。然而,垦利县生态农业建设所取得的生态效益较低。冬枣产业已成为东营市生态农业建设的主要工程之一。通过定性与定量分析表明,东营的生态农业产业化处于初级阶段,其显著特点是：市场、企业、基地、农户已经连为一体,广大农户从事专业化和集约化的生产。东营冬枣生态农业产业化面临的主要问题是生产规模较小、市场发育不够成熟、科技支撑有待健全。2008年,东营市经济发展指数为1.89,相应的环境质量指数为1.04,综合环境经济效益指数为1.82,环境经济的协调度为0.35,表明东营市的环境与经济协调度处于失调状态。“农村沼气国债项目”是国家推广这种生态农业模式的主要举措之一。研究结果显示,沼气项目实施后,项目户的家庭收入得到一定程度的提高；项目户的家庭劳动时间明显减少,劳动负担有所减轻；在项目组织的培训学习过程中,社会交往范围也在扩展；农户家庭居住环境得到极大改善,农民的生活舒适度明显提高；农户对沼气相关知识的掌握较好,能够安全的使用沼气。同时,沼气项目在减轻农村女性劳动负担,提高其家庭地位,扩展其社会交往范围,改善其身心健康等方面都有积极的作用。通过评价分析发现,沼气项目促进了沼气池与养殖业、种植业的生态耦合,以养殖业为主的沼气项目户所取得的综合效益最高。最后,本文对如何建立生态农业补偿机制进行了讨论。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese agriculture is now transforming from traditional to modern one. Industrialization of eological agriculture is the trend of modern agriculture development. Resource-based enterprises have important impacts on the environment. With nearly 40 years of development, Shengli Oilfield has imposed vast impacts on the environment in its area. In the last 10 years, environmental protection has drawn much attention from the State and local governments resulting in a number of new environmental protection policies. In December 2009, the Yellow River Delta Efficient Eco-Economic Zone Development Plan was approved officially by the State Council. Since then, the development of Yellow River Delta has been promoted to be a national strategy, and eco-economy will become the future in this area. Dongying City is the central city of the Yellow River Delta, and is also the main site of Shengli Oilfiled. This thesis tries to evaluate the model of ecological agriculture development in Dongying region of Shengli Oilfield. The models are evaluated in the county-level, sector-level, and the household level. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used. Data are from statistical yearbooks of research sites and also from field survey including rural household survey.The research findings are as follows:Ecological agriculture has been regarded as one of the main approaches for the Dongying region to restore environment and pathway to sustainable economic growth in the area. Through the development of many years, Dongying City has formed 6 models of ecological agriculture. Dongying has some advantages to promote ecological agriculture such as in policies, resources, location, and agricultural industy etc. However, the development of ecological agriculture in Dongying also faces some challenges, such as weak agricultural base, fragile ecology, deficiency of capital for construction, relatively short of human resources, lack of grassroots participation, and lower degree of agricultural industializaiton etc.With the support of national agriculture comprehensive development program, the development of ecological agriculture has achieved some successes at the county level of Dongying City. Based on its natural resource, environment and agricultural conditions, Kenli County has developed six ecological agiculture models. Evaluation indicates that from 2004 to 2008, overall efficiency index of ecological agriculture in Kenli County has continued to rise, but the ecological index of ecological agriculture in Kenli County is lower.Dongzao (a breed of Chinese date harvested in late autum or early winter) industry has been one of important dimentions of Donging City’s ecological agriculture development. With qualitative and quantitative analysis, it shows ecological agriculture industralizaiton in Dongying is still in its infancy, and its salient features are that i) market, enterprises, bases and farmer have been connected togther, ii) most farmers are engaging in intensified and specialized production. Ecological agriculture industrialization of Dongzao in Dongying faces some challenges such as small scale of production, underdevelopment of market, and insufficient technological support. In 2008, economic development index of Dongying is 1.89, corresponding environmental quality index is 1.04, integrated environmental and economic index is 1.82, and coordination Index between economy and environment is 0.35, which means that economy and environment in Dongying is unbalanced.Rural Biogas Projects is one of important approaches to promote ecological agriculture. Research results show that since the implementation of the Biogas Project, to a certain extent, the family income of project households has been increased; household working time of project households has been decreased clearly and their work load has been reduced too. With the training programs organized by the project, their social contact range has been also extended; their living environment has been improved greatly; and farmers’life comfort has been increased clearly. Farmers can understand the related knowledge about biogas and use it safely. Meanwhile, Biogas project also has active impacts on rural females, such as reducing work load, improving their status in the family, extending their range of social contacts, and improve their physical and mental wellbeing, etc. The research shows that the Biogas Project improves ecological coupling mechanism among biomass pool, animal breeding and crop farming, and the project households who are mainly engaged in animal breeding can achieve higher comprehensive benefits.The thesis also discusses how to establish the mechanism of ecological compensation for ecological agriculture.更多还原