【作者】 周琳；

【导师】 李华军； 王建国；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 港口、海岸及近海工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着国家海洋大开发战略的深入实施,国家在深化浅海的基础上,开始挺进深远海的战略部署。水声通信技术将在海洋环境监测和海洋工程中发挥越来越大的作用。由于射频通信、光通信等无线通信方式在水下应用的局限性,水声通信成为目前水下唯一可行的长距离无线通信手段,在海洋工程中水下作业设备通信与定位、海洋环境监测、海洋资源勘探、海洋环境监测、海洋灾难预防、海洋军事国防等方面有着广阔的应用前景。近年来,水声通信的理论和技术研究成为学术研究的热点。在巨大的应用需求的牵引下,水声通信网络、水声传感器网络的研究也陆续展开,在陆地上较为成熟的无线通信方案也被陆续应用于水声通信的研究中。但是,由于水声信道是一个比陆上射频信道、卫星信道恶劣得多的无线信道,具有大延迟、强时变、高噪声、强多径、多普勒频偏严重等特点。使得现有的无线通信方案不能直接应用于水声通信系统中。水声信道自身的复杂性是制约水声通信技术发展的关键因素。此外,水声通信的试验研究具有高度的复杂性和专业性,其试验存在着布放困难、试验周期长、风险大、不确定因素多等问题。这些问题客观上导致了水声通信研究的周期偏长,效率偏低,也成为制约水声通信发展的关键因素。基于以上研究背景,本文在国家高技术研究发展计划课题“基于传感器网络的深远海环境监测平台关键技术研究”和国家自然科学基金课题“水声传感器网络控制系统的模糊控制方法研究”的支持下,开展了水声信道估计算法和水声通信半物理仿真方法的研究工作,主要创新性工作如下:1)针对水声信道的特点和不同的应用条件,提出了基于分数阶傅立叶变换的水声信道多参数估计算法,可以同时估计出信道的径数、时延和频偏,具有精度高,计算效率高的优点。2)提出并实现了一种水声通信半物理仿真平台HLSP/UWAC设计方案。HLSP/UWAC以SOPC技术、VC++、Matlab为支撑技术,以基于SOPC技术的可配置水声Modem为核心,集成了算法仿真评估、算法实现装载、现场测试采集、水声波形存储四个子系统,具有自动化程度高、易于扩展、基于真实水声信道研究、仿真与实现相辅相成、屏蔽底层复杂硬件设计与通信系统具体实现等特点。在支持CDMA机制的水声直接序列扩频通信系统研究中的应用表明,HLSP/UWAC可有效提高水声通信技术的研究效率。3)提出并实现了一种基于SOPC技术的远程在应用中编程(IAP)设计方案。针对水声通信现场级测试试验的更新程序过程中反复拆装水密设备工作效率低、故障率高的问题,以提高工作效率、降低现场测试故障率为目标,根据SOPC系统的工作特点,提出了一种水声通信现场测试试验远程在应用中编程系统的设计方案,并在高速无线通信技术WiFi的支持下进行了设计实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the further implementation of the National Oceanic developing strategy,our country began to advance the strategic plan on the basis of deepening the shallow sea. Underwater acoustic communication will play an increasing role in marine environmental monitoring and engineering technology. Since the limitations of RF communication, optical communication and other underwater wireless communication, acoustic communications becomes the only viable mean of underwater long-range wireless communications. It has broad application prospects in the marine engineering equipment, communications and positioning, marine environmental monitoring, the exploration of marine resources, marine environmental monitoring, marine disaster prevention, marine military and national defense. In recent years, the theory and technology studies about underwater acoustic communication become a hot academic research. Under the huge demand, the research of underwater acoustic network and underwater acoustic sensor has been launched, more mature programs of wireless communications on land were gradually applied to underwater communication research.However, the underwater acoustic channel, with a large delay, time-varying intensity, high noise, strong multipath, serious Doppler shift and so on, is worse than land-based radio channel and satellite channel. Makes the existing wireless communication scheme can not be directly applied to underwater acoustic communication system. The complexity of underwater acoustic channel is a key factor for the development of acoustic communication.In addition, the study of acoustic communication is highly complex and specialized, it has difficulty in test, long cycle, big risky and uncertain factors that has led to a longer cycle, low efficiency and also a key factor of constraint for the development of underwater acoustic communication.Based on the above background, this paper, with the support of the National High Technology Research and Development Program project on " key technologies of the far-reaching sea environmental monitoring platform based on sensor network " and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, " fuzzy control method study on underwater acoustic sensor network control system ", carried out research methods of underwater acoustic channels estimation algorithm and hardware-in-loop simulation of underwater acoustic communication. The main creative work is as follows:1) For characteristics of underwater acoustic channel and different application conditions, Ipropose underwater acoustic channels multi-parameter estimation algorithm based on fractional Fourier transform. It can estimate the channel path number, delay and frequency offset with advantages of high accuracy and efficiency.2) Propose and implemented a hardware-in-loop simulation platform of underwater acoustic communication HLSP/UWAC design basic on SOPC technology, VC++ and Matlab. HLSP/UWAC based on SOPC technology is the core integrated four systems: algorithm simulation evaluation system, algorithm load system, field test sampling system and acoustic wave storage system, with high degree of automation, easy to expand, based on real underwater acoustic channel research, simulation and implementation, shielding the underlying complexity of the specific hardware design and communications systems to realize. In the study of direct sequence spread spectrum underwater acoustic communication system with CDMA system showed that HLSP/UWAC can effectively improve the water efficiency of acoustic communication technology research.3) Propose and implemented in-application programming (IAP) based on SOPC technology. During update process of underwater acoustic communication at the field testing, work of removable watertight equipment has the problem of low efficiency and high failure rate. In order to improve efficiency and reduce the failure rate of field testing, the In-Application Programming system for acoustic communications field test has been proposed and it has been designed to achieve in support of WiFi.更多还原