【作者】 仲雯雯；

【导师】 郭佩芳； 于宜法；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋资源与权益综合管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 2008年的全球金融危机使各国经济发展面临着经济增长、资源环境和科技等多方面压力,整个世界进入了“后危机时代”。历史经验表明,全球性经济危机往往催生重大科技创新,科学技术在“后危机时代”世界经济发展中的作用更加凸显。面临世界经济结构调整和新科技革命的重要机遇期,世界各国特别是发达国家纷纷把科技创新作为争夺经济科技制高点的强大武器,以抢占未来世界经济发展的有利地位。为顺应“后危机时代”的发展潮流,积极应对国际金融危机对中国经济的影响,国家领导人和专家学者逐渐认识到我国应对金融危机的根本出路在于培育新的经济增长点,激发经济增长的内生动力,提出发展战略性新兴产业以抢占经济科技制高点,并逐步使战略性新兴产业成为经济社会发展的主导力量。作为战略性新兴产业的重要组成部分,以海洋高新技术为主要特征的战略性海洋新兴产业,成为各国争相抢占的科技制高点。在此背景下,本文力图通过分析制约战略性海洋新兴产业发展的因素和我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策中存在的不足,借鉴国外战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策的成功经验,研究构建以科学发展观为指导,以增强自主创新能力为主线的新时期战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策框架,为积极推动战略性海洋新兴产业的发展提供政策建议,同时为制定和实施我国战略性海洋新兴产业政策提供理论和方法上的参考依据。本文本着理论与实际相结合的原则,在技术创新理论、内生经济增长理论、制度变迁理论以及可持续发展理论的指导下,综合运用规范研究与实证研究相结合的方法、系统与联系相结合的方法、定性分析与比较分析相结合的方法,从宏观和中观层面上对我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策进行系统的研究。本文在回顾产业政策的相关理论基础上,首先对我国战略性海洋新兴产业进行界定,阐明我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策的内涵,接着指出技术创新理论、内生经济增长理论、制度变迁理论以及可持续发展理论是本文的理论基础。基于这些理论,本文对我国战略性海洋新兴产业的发展现状展开分析,找出我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展存在的问题及其原因,并指出这些问题应从政策层面予以解决;然后,本文对国内外战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策分别进行详尽的分析,总结国外战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策的经验借鉴,指出我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策特点、缺失并提出相应的政策需求;最后,结合上述综合分析,以科学发展观为指导提出我国战略性海洋新兴产业的发展战略以及具体的发展政策。本文的研究成果有:从战略性海洋新兴产业的提法、内涵和特征、选择依据等方面对我国战略性海洋新兴产业进行了科学界定的尝试,指出其包含的范围并提出了我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策的内涵;提出建立包含由指导思想、发展思路、基本原则、重点任务构成的发展战略和由法律法规与制度环境政策、技术政策、投融资政策、人才政策构成的具体发展政策的我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策框架;在我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展战略方面和具体发展政策方面提出新的政策建议。通过研究,本文得出以下几点结论:首先,我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展存在相关的政策法规不健全、缺乏相应的管理和协调机构、技术自主研发能力薄弱,科技成果转化率低、缺乏有效的投融资机制、人才储备不足,高层次人才匮乏以及国际合作有待加强的问题。这些问题的出现归结起来是由于产业发展所处的阶段以及技术、资金和人才等因素的制约,这也正是从政策层面解决这些问题的切入点。其次,发达国家通过制定产业发展政策有效地促进了战略性海洋新兴产业的发展。美国、日本等海洋经济发达国家由于具体国情与海洋经济发展阶段的不同,其战略性海洋新兴产业发展战略与具体发展政策也呈现出一定的差异。然而,各国普遍采取制定政策规划、成立管理与协调机构、加强技术研发与成果转化、建立有效的投融资机制、加强人才培养和国际合作等政策措施,有效的规范和推动了战略性海洋新兴产业的发展。结合我国战略性海洋新兴产业的具体特点,借鉴他们共同的成功经验和模式来制定我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策,对于促进我国战略性海洋新兴产业的跨越式发展具有积极意义。再次,通过分析我国战略性海洋新兴产业现有发展政策的特点、缺失和政策需求,构建我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策体系。在21世纪”后危机时代”,适逢“十二五”发展的战略机遇期,以增强自主创新能力为主线,秉承基于生态系统的海洋综合管理理念,制定我国战略性海洋新兴产业发展战略和具体发展政策,形成一个层次分明、效力有别、科学合理而又运行有效的战略性海洋新兴产业发展政策体系,并以此促进海洋产业结构的调整和海洋经济增长方式的转变。更多还原

【Abstract】 The whole world has entered“post-crisis era" with the pressure of economic growth, resources environment and science & technology caused by global financial crisis. Historical experience shows that science & technology innovation is always produced by the global economic crisis, which plays a significant role in the development of the world economy. In face of important opportunity time of economic structure adjustment and new technology revolution, countries all of the world regard science & technology innovation as powerful weapon striving for the competitive frontier of economy and science & technology so as to occupy advantageous position in the future development of the world economy. In order to follow the tide of“post-crisis era" and cope with the effect of international financial crisis, our leaders and experts realize that the fundamental way is to cultivate new economic growth point and stimulate endogenous power of economic growth.That is, the new strategic industries should be the competitive science & technology frontier, which becomes the leading force of economic and social development gradually. Being an important part of the new strategic industries, the new marine strategic industries featured by high and new technology have been emerging as the competitive frontier for most of coastal countries and regions. Under this circumstances, this paper seeks to analyze the factors which restrict our country’s new marine strategic industries and the weakness in our country’s new marine strategic industries development policies, and to use successful experience of foreign countries’new marine strategic industries development policies for reference, building the framework of new marine strategic industries development policies guided by scientific outlook on development and leaded by improving the strenghth of independent innovation, which provides policy proposals for promoting the development of our country’s new marine strategic industries and provides reference for formulating and carrying out new marine strategic industrial policies in theory and methods.Guided by the theories of technological innovation, endogenous economic growth, institutional change and sustainable development, this paper studies our country’s new marine strategic industries development policies from macroscopic level and mesospheric level with the principle of combining theory with practice and comprehensive use of normative research and the empirical research, system and contact research, qualitative analysis and comparative analysis. Based on the review of industrial policies related theories, this paper defines new marine strategic industry firstly and elaborates the connotation of new marine strategic industrial policies, then point out the theoretical basis : technological innovation theory, endogenous economic growth theory, institutional change theory and sustainable development theory. Based on these theories, it analyzes the current development of the new marine strategic industries, finding out existing problems and its reasons which should be solved from the policy perspective. Then, it analyzes our country’s and other countries’new marine strategic industries development policies seperately, summarizing foreign countries’experience and indicating characteristics , disadvantages and policy needs of our country’s new marine strategic industries development policies. At last, guided by sustainable development theory, it proposes development strategy and specific development policy of the new marine strategic industries in China.As for research results, it tries to define the new marine strategic industries and its scope from formulation, connotation, features, selecting reference and proposes the connotation of the new marine strategic industries development policies; it proposes the framework of the new marine strategic industries development policies in China including development strategy comprising of guiding ideology, development thought, basic principles, key tasks and specific development policy comprising of industrial laws and regulations and institutional environment policies, industrial technical policies, industrial investing and financing policies; it proposes new policy suggestions on development strategy and specific development policy of the new marine strategic industries in China.The main conclusions of this paper are:First, there are some problems existing in the development of the new marine strategic industries including incompletion of related laws and regulations, lacking administrating and coordinating institutions, the weakness of technical independent research and development capacity, the low rate of science and technology achievements conversion, lacking effective investing and financing mechanism, the shortage of talents reservation, the weakness of international cooperation. These problems are restricted by some factors such as the stage, the technology, the capital and the talents of the development of the new marine strategic industries, which should be entry points solving problems from the policy perspective.Second, it is effective to stimulate the development of the new marine strategic industries in advanced countries through formulating industrial development policy. There exists difference in development strategy and specific development policy of the new marine strategic industries among advanced marine economy countries such as the America and Japan because of specific conditions and the different stage of marine economy development. However, it is effective to standardize and stimulate the development of the new marine strategic industries in advanced countries through taking measures of plan and policy formulating, administrating and coordinating institutions establishing, innovative capability building, technical independent research and development as well as science and technology achievements conversion accelerating, financial mechanism optimizing, high-end professional human resource training and international cooperation strengthening, etc. It is necessary to formulate new marine strategic industries development policies by using foreign countries’successful experience for reference with the combination of specific characteristics of our new marine strategic industries, which poses positive significance on promoting the new marine strategic industries in China.Besides, it builds development policies system of the new marine strategic industries in China by analyzing characteristics, disadvantages and policy needs of our country’s new marine strategic industries present development policies. In the“post-crisis era"of 21st century, in face of“the twelfth five-year”development period of strategic opportunities, it is urgent to formulate development strategy and specific development policy of the new marine strategic industries in China leaded by improving the strenghth of independent innovation and ecosystem-based integrated marine management, forming effective and efficient development policies system of the new marine strategic industries, which accordingly promotes the adjustment of marine industrial structure and the transformation of the pattern of marine economic growth.更多还原