【作者】 张艳萍；

【导师】 杜文东；

【作者基本信息】 南京中医药大学 ， 中医医史文献， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 中医药学除了具有医学科学的属性外,还具有鲜明的文化学属性,传统中医学的母体就是以中国传统哲学为核心的中国传统文化。中国是世界文明的发源地之一,中国文化源远流长,对当代中国民众和世界文明产生了巨大而深远的影响。曾被美国心理学史专家墨菲誉为“世界心理学的第一故乡”。中医心理思想是中医理论重要的组成部分,它根植于我国传统文化和民族心理。中国文化中的“天人相应”“人贵论”“中庸之道”“忧患意识”等思想蕴含着丰富的认识论、方法论、价值论内容,对我国中医心理思想产生了巨大的影响。随着社会的进步,医学科学的发展,人类的疾病谱发生了重大变化,社会心理因素所致疾病凸现出来,人们步入了情绪负重的时代,如何应对新的挑战,世界医学心理学需要中医的参与。中医心理思想在医学模式、心身疾病以及心理疾患治疗方面具有鲜明的特点和突出的优势,这些特点和优势其根源在于中国传统文化的影响,只有立足传统文化这个背景与基础,才能更好地解读中医心理思想的精髓。系统整理中医心理思想的源流,探讨与分析中国传统文化对中医心理思想在理论、诊断、治疗、预防等方面的影响,既可以丰富中医文化研究,找出发展中医学和中医心理学的思路与方法,促进具有中国文化模式医学心理理论的建立,又可以丰富文化人类学研究,同时对现代心理治疗和现代医学模式的转换给以借鉴与丰富是本课题的任务和意义所在。本课题采用文献学的方法,对中医心理思想的源流进行了系统的整理研究,探讨了中国传统文化对中医心理理论、诊断、治疗、预防等方面的影响,并对这些影响的现代价值和启示进行了论证。主要包括以下内容：一、中医心理思想文化源流研究：在我国传统文化、中医、中医心理学的发展是相伴行的,以远古的巫祝文化作为中医心理思想产生的逻辑起点,研究在不同的历史时期的代表文化对当时中医心理思想的影响及构筑,并对其利弊进行分析和思考。二、中国传统文化对中医心理理论的影响研究：以儒、道、佛作为传统文化的主要内容,考察其对中医心理的主要理论“天人合一论”“形神统一论”“五脏情志论”“人格气质学说”等基本理论在理论形成和发展过程中的影响,并比较中医心理理论与西方医学心理理论的跨文化差异。三、中国传统文化对中医心理诊断和治疗的影响研究：在心理诊断“望、闻、问、切”过程中,医生要时刻把握贫富、贵贱、勇怯等社会心理因素在诊断上的意义,做到“上知天文,下知地理,中知人事,”,这些都是文化赋予中医心理诊断的内容。心理治疗最重要的问题就是使心身和谐平衡,开导劝慰疗法,情志相胜疗法、音乐疗法则都是通过调整情志,使气机和畅其思想根源则在于传统哲学中阴阳五行和中和思想的方法论作用。四、中国传统文化对中医心理预防养生的影响研究。儒、道、佛等传统文化中“未病先防”及“养身修心”思想极为丰富,在本文中主要对中国传统文化在“清静凝神”“养德益性”“节欲守神”“调情修身”“阴阳顺时”“等方面的思想对中医预防养生的影响进行论述。五、中国传统文化对中医心理思想影响的价值与启示。通过分析现代医学心理学和现代医学模式转换两者当前所面临的问题,指出中医心理思想是在中国传统文化影响下形成的,体现在其认识论、方法论、价值论上表现为“心身合一”的有机整体观、“人贵论”的人文医学观、“道法中庸的和谐均衡观”“忧患意识下的未病先防观”等可以对现代医学心理学和医学模式的转换提供借鉴和启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese medicine has both the medicinal science property and obvious culture property. It originates in the traditional Chinese culture which has the core of traditional Chinese philosophy. China is one of the birthplaces of world civilization. The history of Chinese culture has run a long course from a remote source which has great and prolong influence on the Chinese people and world civilization. Psychologists G Murphy used to Praise China as the first hometown of Psychology. TCM psychology is an important component of Chinese medicine theory which roots in traditional Chinese culture and ethical psychology. There are many great thoughts in Chinese culture, such as "Harmony of human body and natural environment", "the high value of people", "the golden mean" and "awareness of unexpected development". These thoughts include rich content about epistemology, methodology and axiology and have great influence on TCM psychology.With the progress of the society and the development of medicinal science, the human disease spectrum has changed greatly. There is more and more disease caused by social psychological elements. In order to solve this problem, the world medicinal psychology needs Chinese medicine to join in. TCM psychology has obvious characteristics and outstanding advantages in medicine mode and psychological disease treatment which roots in Chinese traditional culture. Therefore, only do we focus on the traditional culture can we have a better understanding on the essence of TCM psychology. The study of TCM psychology as well as its effect on theory, diagnosis, treatment and prevention can not only promote the establishment of Chinese culture mode medicinal psychological theory but also enrich the study on cultural anthropology. Furthermore, the task and significance of this study is to enrich and draw lessons from modern psychological treatment and modern medicine mode.This subject adopts the literature methodology to research on the origin of TCM psychology as well as its effect on theory, diagnosis, treatment and prevention and expounds and proves its modern value and inspiration. The main content is as following:1. The study on the origin of TCM psychology:in traditional Chinese culture, the Chinese medicine and TCM psychology develop simultaneously. This study begins in the witchcraft culture study and then have a further research on TCM psychology from the angle of the influence of representative culture in different historical stage on it, the analysis and thinking of TCM psychology advantages and disadvantages are also included.2. The study on traditional Chinese culture’s influence on Chinese medicinal psychological theory:the Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism are the main content of traditional Chinese culture. We focus on its influence on TCM psychological thoughts such as "Harmony of human body and natural environment", "Harmony of human body and soul theory", "Five organs with emotions theory" and "personality temperament theory". The cross-culture differences between Chinese medicinal psychological theory and western psychological theory are also included.3. The study on traditional Chinese culture’s influence on the diagnosis, treatment of TCM psychology. In the process of psychological diagnosis such as "look, smell, ask, taking pulse", the doctor should pay attention to some social psychological elements such as the economic condition, social status and character. All these are originates from traditional Chinese culture. The most important part in psychological treatment is the harmony of the human body and emotion. The comfort therapy, emotion therapy and music therapy all adjust the patients’ emotion to make the Qi smooth which originates in the Yin and Yang theory and Five elements theory.4. The study on traditional Chinese culture’s influence on the prevention-cultivation effect of TCM psychology. In the traditional Chinese culture such as Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism,there are many great thoughts such as "preventing diseases before it happens" and "cultivation both your body and your emotion". In this paper, we choose some thoughts such as "calm down your emotion", "controlling your desire to protect your soul" and so on to explain traditional Chinese culture’s influence on the prevention-cultivation effect of TCM psychology.The value and inspiration of traditional Chinese culture on TCM psychology. Through the analysis of the problems in the shift of modern psychological treatment and modern medicine mode and the explanation of TCM psychology’s advantage, such as the "the harmony of body and soul" in the whole concept, "the high value of people" in the humanistic medicine view, "the golden mean" in the harmony view and "awareness of unexpected development" in the "preventing diseases before it happens" concept.we prove that TCM psychology can provide some inspiration for the shift of modern psychological treatment and modern medicine mode.更多还原