【作者】 刘其成；

【导师】 刘永建； 刘喜林；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 石油与天然气工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 火烧油层是一种具有明显技术优势和潜力的采油方法,具有油藏适应范围广、物源充足、采收率高、成本低的优势。但由于火驱机理十分复杂,火驱油藏工程设计及矿场动态管理上还存在很多问题,特别是对储层中发生的燃烧和驱油过程缺乏直观准确的认识,很难采取有效手段准确判断地下燃烧状况、监测和控制火驱前缘。因此,开展火驱机理和实验研究十分必要。合适的相似准则是开展比例物理模拟的基础。国外学者提出的相似准则,都是建立在简化火烧条件的基础上提出的,没有考虑燃烧反应动力学参数等。由于火烧油层机理的复杂性,若不考虑燃烧反应动力学等参数,就无法有效地认识火烧驱油机理、预测火驱效果、优化火烧驱参数。因此,本项目在综合考虑燃烧特性的基础上,建立了火烧油层4相7组分数学模型,提出了以油的燃烧转化率为主线的燃烧动力学模型及燃油比、输氧准则,创建了火烧油层物理模拟相似准则。该相似准则是迄今为止考虑影响因数最多的相似准则群。火驱物理模拟装置是直观准确认识千米地下发生燃烧和驱油过程最为有效手段。针对国内外已有模型模拟压力低、模型较小的现状,自主研制了一套大型多功能火烧油层比例物理模拟装置。物理模型最高工作温度1000℃,最高工作压力15MPa,可开展多井组、多方式火驱模拟研究,在技术及功能上达到了国际先进水平。实验研究了火烧油层物理模拟实验方法,解决了油层点火、注气操控、复杂气体分析、火驱前后原油性质变化等多项技术难题,并开展了多组火烧油层物理模拟实验,为驱油机理研究奠定有力基础。实验研究了不同原油(曙1-38-330超稠油、高3-2-75井普通稠油；冷37-45-562井特稠油天然油砂和高检1井普通稠油天然油砂)燃烧基础特性,分析了其原油的点火温度、通风强度、氧气利用率、视H/C原子比等燃烧指标,比较了不同油品燃烧前缘推进速率,预测了火驱的驱油效率。通过比例模拟实验研究了火驱推进过程中温度场发育和不同燃烧区带的分布特征,不同油层厚度火驱波及状况和驱油效果,尝试了厚油层火驱改善火线波及范围、提高采出程度的调控方法。同时,在试验中发现了能反映火驱燃烧深层机理的重要标记化合物,进而揭示了燃烧反应过程中原油粘度、密度降低等参数变化的主要原因。本项目取得的成果为高3-6-18块、冷41块火驱试验方案的编制、现场合理实施提供可靠的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an obvious advanced and favorable oil recovery technique, in-situ combustion has the advantage of wide reservoir adaptation, sufficient material resource, high recovery ratio, low cost. Because very complex oil displacement mechanism, it has much problem on reservoir engineering design and field dynamic mange, for example, there was poor recognition in combustion and oil displacement in reservoir bed, and it was very difficult to judge combustion situation and monitor/control combustion front. So it was very necessity to develop laboratory experiment and research oil displacement mechanism of in-situ combustion.The reasonable similarity criterion was based on scaled physical simulation. The similarity criteria that foreign scholar suggested was simplified combustion situation and omitted kinetics of combustion reaction, owing to very complex oil displacement mechanism, if kinetics of combustion reaction was omitted, there was very difficult to mechanism recognition, effect predication and parameter optimization. On the base of integrated research of combustion characteristic, a new ISC similarity criterion was built that it owned four phases and seven components mathematical mode, established a dynamic model of in-situ combustion process and the ratio of oxygen consumption rate and oxygen transport rate. The involved affecting factors of ISC similarity criterion were the most comprehensive up to now.The most effective method that researched combustion and oil displacement underground was ISC scaled physical simulation. In view of low pressure and small size of existing model, A suit big multi-purpose ISC scaled physical model system was developed independent. This system had very high technical description that the maximum pressure was 15MPa, the maximum temperature was 1000℃,it could be used researched multiwell and multimode ISC physical simulation, its technology and function attained to international improved level.The physical simulation experimental method was found that many technique problems were resolved such as oil layer ignition, gas injection operation and control, complex gas analysis, crude oil character upgrade, and through this method, many ISC physical simulation experiments were developed. The method laid the foundation for the oil displacement mechanism research. Different block crude oil such as Shul138-330 Well super heavy oil, Gao3-2-75 Well normal heavy oil, Len 37-45-562 Well natural oil sand, GaoJian 1 Well natural oil sand was used developing ISC physical simulation experiment. The combustion characteristic was researched, and combustion index such as ignition temperature, air flux, oxygen use factor, apparent H/C atomic ratio was analyzed, combustion front driving rate about different block crude oil was compared, and ISC displacement efficiency was predicted.Through scaled physical simulation experiments, temperature field development In the process of combustion drive and pattern of combustion district was researched, combustion sweep condition and displacement characteristics under the influence of different thickness was investigated, the production operation and control method that could be improved combustion sweep condition was attempted. in addition, A new chemical compound that could be reflected ISC mechanism was discovered in the experiment,which could be revealed reasons that crude oil viscosity upgraded and density decreased.The results of the paper could be provided assured basis for field test programming of Gao3-6-18 Block and Len 41Bolck and reasonable implementation of the scene.更多还原