【作者】 丛琳；

【导师】 马世忠； 冯志强；

【作者基本信息】 东北石油大学 ， 石油与天然气工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 松辽盆地是油气资源丰富的陆相含油气盆地,随着勘探开发程度的不断加深,正面临着储量和产量下降等严峻问题,而三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层是松辽盆地北部油气资源的接替区块。因此,在三肇凹陷东部进行高分辨率层序地层学及沉积微相研究,并总结该区的油气富集规律及有利油气富集区,可为该区下一步油气勘探开发提供理论依据。本文以高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术方法为指导,利用成熟探区翔实的岩心资料、地震资料及钻井等资料,通过对各级次基准面旋回的沉积动力学分析与不同级次基准面旋回界面的识别,以三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层为研究对象,并通过跨凹陷长垣～肇州开发井大剖面的顶底标准层控制、精细对比、岩心泥岩颜色与微相垂向序列、平面微相演化序列、邻区对应分析等综合研究,表明三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层可以识别出2个中期基准面旋回和9个短期基准面旋回。在短期基准面旋回层序的结构类型剖析基础之上,提出研究区葡萄花油层:向南地层厚度减薄,葡萄花油层顶上移、底下移,各层渐薄、中期基准面旋回的转换点位于SSC₄中部,转换点以下为下降半旋回,转换点以上为上升半旋回的地层发育模式,并建立了研究区与三肇凹陷统一的高分辨率层序地层格架。在精细等时地层格架控制下分析了物源、沉积体系及沉积相的展布特征,提出研究区葡萄花油层主要为东北部物源控制的典型“大型河控浅水三角洲沉积体系”,开发区密井网揭示:三角洲前缘亚相发育且以“大量密集、窄的水下河道沉积为主,前、侧缘变为薄层砂”的河控带状砂模式。其骨架砂体为大量窄的条带状（多为200～300m）、连续且可延伸数十公里、密集、总体呈南西向、与其他类型砂体平面组合较好的分流河道砂体。在深入认识三肇凹陷东部葡萄花油层的沉积背景、沉积特征及沉积相类型等基础上,建立了葡萄花油层的河控浅水三角洲沉积模式,又进一步细分为5种沉积模式,即:三角洲分流平原亚相“河控带状体”模式、三角洲前缘—分流平原过渡区“近岸”模式、三角洲前缘亚相内前缘区“河控带状体”模式、三角洲前缘亚相内—外前缘过渡区“水下分流河道末端河控席状砂”模式和三角洲前缘亚相外前缘区“浪控席状砂”模式。在等时地层格架及其内部单砂体空间分布规律研究的基础上,充分运用油气成藏系统等现代油气地质学新观点,应用区域成藏综合分析技术、单砂体控油模式分析技术及其复杂区块含油预测技术等,通过对已发现的油藏类型及其分布特征系统分析,指出断层—岩性油藏油气富集主要受控于4种地质因素:①油气来源及成藏期的确定是油气成藏的第一要素;②古构造演化及油气运聚场对油气运聚成藏具有重要的控制作用;③（水下）分流河道砂体展布控制优质储层空间分布,各类河道砂体形成的储层占优质储层的85%以上;④断裂对油气运移聚集的控制作用,断裂与砂体组合方式控制油气的运移范围与分布。按成藏层次分析法,首次提出了岩性类油藏区三个层次的成藏规律:①第1层次为区域成藏规律,具有“主元控油,多元耦合富集”特征,揭示了整体油气富集区带;②第2层次为三级构造成藏规律,具有“三级构造控势,单一圈闭控藏”特征,诠释了局部油水分布规律;③第3层次为单一圈闭成藏规律,具有“局部构造控界,单一砂体控层”特征,剖清了单一圈闭控藏机理。依此方法提出了:该区油气呈“单向三路运聚模式”:尚南古鼻状构造的发现使该区的油气运移呈“单向三路运聚模式”,即:沿尚家鼻状构造轴部、尚南鼻状构造轴部、沿丰乐斜坡呈两向三路运移方式。因此,环凹区、油气主运移线及两侧为有利油气聚集带。同时提出:关键时期尚家鼻状构造轴部和三肇凹陷中心的转移对油气成藏、油水分布范围、有利圈闭预测产生了重大的影响。该成藏规律的提出从本质上揭示了岩性类油藏区内部复杂的油水分布规律,即:垂向多层、平面多支单砂体与复杂局部构造组合形成的圈闭以及非圈闭在空间上复杂叠置是造成岩性类油藏区油水分布极其复杂的根本原因,并指出局部构造、单期分流河道砂体及二者空间组合关系是揭开极其复杂的空间油水分布控制因素与规律的瓶颈,对于下一步岩性类油藏的勘探与开发具有重要的实际应用价值和指导意义。在以上成果指导下,基于第1、2层次成藏规律预测尚南鼻状构造、尚家鼻状构造北翼及丰乐斜坡为有利成藏区带。根据密井网解剖以及砂体和油气运移方向认为研究区有3种成藏模式:榆树林地区为源内下生上运、短侧运、断—砂匹配控油模式,丰乐地区为源内下生上运上储式、断—砂匹配、微幅度构造控油模式,朝阳沟地区为源外成藏,倒灌扶余—侧运—上调葡萄花油层,砂体控油模式。并在此区带内基于第3层次的成藏规律预测有利圈闭8个,部署井位10口。更多还原

【Abstract】 Songliao Basin, a continental basin with rich oil and gas resources, with the deepening exploration and development, is facing the severe problems including reserves and declining in production, however, the east of Sanzhao depression Putaohua reservoir is connected to the oil and gas resources in Songliao Basin. Thus, the study on high resolution sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary facies in the east of Sanzhao depression and the summarizing of the area of oil and gas accumulation and favorable oil and gas rich region, both of which provide a theoretical basis for the further oil and gas exploration development in the area.The thesis, based on the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy and its technical methods as well as the use of detailed core data, seismic data and drilling data of mature exploration area, through Dynamic Analysis on all levels of the sedimentary base level cycle times and different grades of identification of base-level cycles interface, takes the east of Sanzhao depression Putaohua as the research object, and the comprehensive study of cross-Depression Placanticline～Zhaozhou top and bottom of the well profile standard layer control, fine contrast, color and mudstone microfacies core vertical sequence, the plane microfacies evolution sequence, corresponding analysis of adjacent areas, indicates that the east of Sanzhao depression Putaohua oil layer can identify two medium-term base level cycles, and nine short-term base level cycles. On the basis of the analysis of the structural type of short term base level cycles sequence, research district Putaohua oil layer is proposed that:“south stratigraphic thinning, the top of the Putaohua oil layer move up, the end move down, each layer gradually thinning, The transition point of the medium term base level cycle is located the center of SSC₄,there is a decreased half-cycle under the transition point,and a increased half-cycle above the transition point" development pattern formation, and a high resolution sequence stratigraphic framework is established,which unified study area with the Sanzhao depression.In the fine control of isochronous stratigraphic framework to analyze the source, depositional systems and sedimentary facies distribution characteristics, the thesis proposed that the Putaohua oil layer of the study area is a typical mainly controled by northeastern source“large river-dominated shallow delta sedimentary system”, and the dense well in development zone reveals that: delta front facies, and " a large number of dense, narrow underwater channel sediments, the former, the lateral margin of sand into a thin layer "of the river -controlled strip of sand mode, so that the outer south-central front is not the original sand layer, but extending far south river water to form a high-quality reservoirs in the extended south. The skeleton of sand body is in a large number of narrow banded shape （mostly 200 300 m）, and can extend hundreds of kilometers of continuous, dense, overall was SW, and combines well with other types sand surface to become a better distributary channel sand body. Based on in-depth understanding of the background of the east of Sanzhao depression Putaohua deposition, sedimentary characteristics and facies types, we established river-controlled Putaohua shallow delta depositional model, and further broken down into five sedimentary facies model, namely: delta distributary plain, the "river-controlled belt body" model, delta front-distributary plain transition zone "offshore" model, delta front area in front "River-controlled belt body" model, the delta front - outside the front transitional zone "controlled underwater distributary channel and the end river controlled sheet like sand "model and delta front area outside the front" waves controlled sheet like sand" mode.Based on the study of the regulations of isochronic stratigraphic framework and spatial distribution of single sand bodies, take full use of oil and gas accumulation system and new ideas of modern oil and gas geology, apply the technology of comprehensive analysis of accumulation region, a single sand body oil control mode analysis and techniques such as forecasting of complexity oil block, etc. Through the analysis of discovered reservoir types and distribution system, the thesis points out that fault-lithologic reservoir oil and gas accumulation is controlled by four kinds of geological factors:①The oil and gas origin and the definition of reservoir formation period are the first essential;②The palaeostructure evolution and the field of oil and gas migration and accumulation have important control action for the oil/gas migration and accumulation reservoir formation hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.③The distribution of （submerged） distributary channel sandbodies control spatial distribution of quality reservoir, quality reservoir formed by channel sandbodies accounted for more than 85%;④The fault dominates the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, fault and the array mode of sand body controls the hydrocarbon migration area and distribution. What’s more ,the oiliness is lower. Tibetan rock type proposed three levels of oil forming rules:①the first one forming rules for the regional level, a characteristic that "principal component oil control, multi-coupled enrichment", revealing the overall oil and gas accumulation zone;②the second rule for the three-level structure forming rules, a "three-tier structure controlled potential, controlled possession of a single trap" features, the interpretation of the local water distribution;③the third rule for a single trap with a "local control of community structure, a single layer of sand control" feature, clear profile of a single trap accumulation controlling mechanism. This is the way proposed: oil and gas area was "one-way three-way accumulation mode": Old South is still found in the nose structure of hydrocarbon migration area was ’one-way three-way migration model’, namely :Move along the axis of Shangjia nose structures, the axis of Shangnan nose-like structure, along Fengle slopeswith the three-way two-way migration style. Therefore, the ring concave area, the both sides of the main oil and gas migration routes are favorable oil and gas accumulation zones. Also put forward: in the critical period, the axis of Shangjia nose-like structure and the shift of Sanzhao depression center of oil and gas accumulation had a significant impact on hydrocarbon accumulation and oil and water distribution, favorable traps forecasts. The proposed law forming essentially reveals the internal complexity of lithological type of oil Tibetan distribution of oil and water, namely: extremely complex lithology water distribution of hydrocarbon reservoir is caused by an oil Vertical multi-layer, multi-branch single-plane and complex sand traps formed combination of local structures and non-trap superimposed in space. And that local structures, one of the distributary channel and the combination of the two spatial relations are extremely complex and opened the controlling factors of space and laws of water distribution bottlenecks, the next reservoir lithology class exploration and development has important practical applications value and significance.Under the guidance of the above results, based on the hydrocarbon accumulation rule of the reservoir levels 1, 2,the thesis predictives Shangnan nose-like structure, north wing of Shangjia nose-like structure and Fengle slopes which are favorable oil reservoir area; according to anatomy of dense well and sand and oil migration direction, the author believes that there are three kinds of accumulation mode: Yushulin area is the oil-controlled pattern of bearing down and moving up inside, shortness side migration, and fault-sand matching. Fengle area is the control oil pattern of bearing down, moving up and saving up in side, short lateral conveying, fault-sand matching, and structure. Fengle area adopts the mode that oil produced upward and stored upward, fault-sand matching, micro-magnitude oil- controlled structure. For Chaoyanggou area, the mode is accumulating outside the reservoir, backing up Fuyu oil layer-lateral migration-shift up Putaohua oil layer, sand body oil-controlled mode. And the author points out eight types of trap controlled models in dense well network area. And make recommendation that ten wells should be located.更多还原