【作者】 赵宁；

【导师】 华晨； John Henneberry；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 伴随城市化水平的快速推进,过去单方面依靠政府投资的做法已远不能满足日益增长的城市公共空间需求;而近年来的城市经营策略使得我国城市建设中重赢利轻非赢利的现象丛生,非赢利城市公共空间规划进一步遭到侵蚀。因此,本文在规划领域首次提出了具有投资保障的GI概念,从理论基础到方法构建,再到实例应用,建立了一整套应对市场机制、具有投资保障的非赢利城市公共空间规划分析方法,以解决非赢利城市公共空间建设资金短缺、规划的市场应对能力不强等问题。本文是理论与方法相结合的应用性研究。在社会福利最大化的前提下,本文利用赢利性城市用地反哺非赢利城市公共空间的原理,通过赢利性城市用地的经济作用机制研究,健全利益主体平衡和公众参与机制,完善城市规划编制方法,以提高规划方案在市场环境下的可操作性。研究利用数学模型将规划的内在经济作用进行抽象描述；利用计算机模型实现方案的三维可视化和自动化实时评估。最后,作者通过资料查阅、统计分析、实地踏勘、访谈调研等方法,选取中英两国代表性实例对本研究进行了应用验证。全文共有六章。第一章为绪论,对课题的研究背景、研究意义、基本概念与范围界定、研究框架等问题进行了阐述；第二章通过大量相关文献综述提炼出研究的方向和思路；第三章通过相关理论分析演绎归纳了研究的理论基础和方法支撑；第四章详述了GI非赢利城市公共空间规划分析方法的模型实现过程,并推算出一系列规划方案的经济规律；第五章通过英国Wicker地块旧城改造更新项目和中国杭州钱江新城开发两个实证研究,分别将本文研究成果在不同的社会经济背景和规划目标中进行了实践；第六章为结论和建议。论文的主要结论集中在六个方面：(1)首次在规划领域提出了GI概念,利用赢利性城市用地反哺非赢利城市公共空间的原理,将土地价值剩余作为非赢利城市公共空间规划实施的自给资金来源；(2)为非赢利城市公共空间和赢利性城市用地平衡提供了理论和方法依据,得出单位面积各类用地对于非赢利城市公共空间的供给能力函数模型；(3)得出了城市形态对于非赢利城市公共空间供给能力的作用规律,并归纳了城市规划在确定土地开发强度指标时应避免的不经济问题；(4)通过数学函数和计算机三维模型的开发,实现了城市规划的自动化经济分析,也为公众参与、利益平衡提供了技术平台；(5)风险分析加强了规划方案应对市场环境变化的能力；(6)为规划方案优选提供“人——机——评价对象”的一体化评价模式。最后,本文指出了制度、社会经济以及土地开发环境对于该规划分析方法的约束,并提出了一系列相关建议,但仍不够全面和深入,解决这些问题还有待进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The practice of unilaterally government-funded investment cannot meet the growing requirements of urban open space against the background of high-speed urbanization in contemporary China. Furthermore, the strategy of Urban Management utilized in most Chinese cities in recent years triggers more utilitarian problems:profitable projects are more easily incepted, while the planning of non-profitable urban open space becomes vulnerable. Therefore, this thesis proposes the concept of Guaranteed Investment (GI) in the field of urban planning for the first time; and develops a set of GI analytical planning methodology. These include the theory foundation, the method construction and the sites pilot. These methods are aimed at the non-profitable urban open space in order to solve such problems as funding shortage for building non-profitable urban open space; and to improve the response capability of urban planning to the market.This is a combination study of both theory and method. In accordance with the premise of social welfare maximization, the thesis utilizes the principle that profitable urban land supports non-profitable urban open space. It examines the financial viability of profitable urban land-use, balances the benefits amongst stakeholders, advances the planning procedure and public participation, and improves the feasibility of urban planning in the market mechanism. Mathematical models are employed to abstract the inner financial mechanisms of morphology, and computer models are also developed to realize the 3D visualization and automatic real-time analysis. In addition, reference access, statistical analysis, field access, interviews, etc. are applied in both the Chinese and British case studies.It is divided into six chapters. The first chapter introduces the research background and purpose, the definition and scope of the research, as well as the research questions and framework. The second chapter extracts the basic research ideas by referring to a large number of relevant literatures. The third chapter summarizes the theoretical basis and the supporting methodology. The fourth chapter covers the process and details of development of G1 Analytical Planning Study of Non-profitable Urban Open Space, and also some economic inferences for the urban morphology are drawn out from the physical-financial model. Two examples with different social-economic backgrounds and planning purposes are piloted within the study:a renovation plan of the Wicker Riverside site in the UK, and a new development plan of Qiantang Riverside site. Finally, the research conclusions and recommendations for the policies and guidelines are drawn out in the last chapter.The main conclusions and innovations focus on six aspects:(1) the concept of G1 is proposed for the first time in this thesis; and the residual land value is used to be the source of self-funding for the non-profitable urban open spaces in the planning implementation; (2) a principle and methodology are developed to balance the non-profitable urban open spaces and profitable urban land-use; also some mathematical functions of offering open spaces are summarized for various types of unban land-use; (3) some economic inferences concerning the urban morphology are drawn out from the physical-financial model, and some uneconomical situations are pointed out so as to be avoided in the urban planning; (4) an automatic tool of economic analysis is developed through the combination of mathematical functions and computer models, which also supplies a platform of balancing the benefits amongst stakeholders and encouraging public participation; (5) the response ability of urban plan is greatly improved through risk analysis; (6) a’Man-Computer-Object’ optimization assessment model is developed in the study. Finally, the constraints from the environment of the political system and the socio-economic and uroan land development system are pointed out. The analytical study need to be polished to fit the specific situations in further studies, although some initial suggestions are proposed in the final part.更多还原