【作者】 刘永莉；

【导师】 尚岳全；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 防灾减灾工程与防护工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 边坡变形监测是边坡稳定性评价的重要手段,已经在滑坡预测预报中得到大量应用。但是,边坡变形监测的普及远远跟不上国家经济建设发展,尤其是随着我国近些年来对铁路、公路投资的大幅度上升,开挖大量的工程边坡,给交通和人民的生命安全带来很大威胁。为适应边坡工程监测的需求,选择近年来发展起来的光纤传感监测技术,依托大量的工程实践,开展分布式光纤传感技术在边坡工程监测中的应用研究。结合分布式光纤传感技术和边坡变形监测的特点,开展了监测方案制定问题的研究。根据具体边坡工程的特征,设计相应的光纤监测系统,研究了监测系统在实施及运营过程中存在的问题及解决方法。实现光纤与监测对象的协调变形是光纤监测的基本要求,结合边坡变形监测实践,分析了植入式和粘贴式固定光纤在边坡工程中应用的局限性,探索了光纤固定的新方式。以抗滑桩作为边坡深部变形的载体,开展了边坡深部变形监测研究,将光纤传感器应用到边坡的深部变形监测中,运用监测结果,探讨了如何应用光纤监测数据确定抗滑桩上作用的滑坡推力及抗滑桩的内力状态。将分布式光纤监测技术与灰色关联分析理论相结合,应用于双排抗滑桩协调变形特征监测及分析方法研究,提出综合关联决策模型,探讨双排抗滑桩在工作过程中的协调变形特征。通过对以上内容的研究,主要取得了以下的成果：(1)针对边坡监测中光纤布设的困难,提出了通过缠绕方式固定光纤的方法,保证光纤与监测对象的同步协调变形。缠绕固定光纤的监测图形因距离分解度的影响,在缠绕点附近存在假应变段；光纤缠绕长度确定与杆体的材料,几何尺寸有关,同时还应考虑距离分解度的影响。(2)根据抗滑桩桩后应变监测数据,提出了一种确定滑坡推力的新方法。运用弯矩与正应力、剪应力之间的函数关系,建立了确定作用在抗滑桩上滑坡推力计算模型。通过该计算模型,可求出滑坡推力作用在抗滑桩上的分布荷载集度,滑坡推力大小及分布形式。(3)提出运用抗滑桩应变监测数据计算抗滑桩内力的方法。根据抗弯构件的计算理论和钢筋混凝土材料参数,对抗滑桩的内力进行计算。根据内力计算结果,对抗滑桩的安全状态进行了评价。(4)将分布式光纤监测技术和灰色关联理论结合应用,提出综合关联决策模型分析双排抗滑桩的协调变形特征。针对具体的工程,给出了相应分析方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Slope deformation monitoring is an important means of slope stability evaluation, which is being widely applied in landslide predictions. But now deformation monitoring popularization of slope falls behind in the national economic construction development. Along with increasing investment in railways, highways, plenty of slopes are being excavated, which seriously threaten the communications and the lives of people.To meet the requirement of slope engineering monitoring, on the basis of the engineering practice, application research on distributed optical fiber sensing technology for slope engineering is being developed. This paper studied the problem of working out monitoring plan with distributed optical fiber sensing technology and the characteristics of slope deformation monitoring. Optical fiber monitoring system is designed according to the characteristics of slope deformation. Many problems in the implementation and operation of monitoring system are studied to find solutions. Compatible deformation about optical fiber and monitoring objects is a basic requirement of optical fiber. According to the practice of slope deformation monitoring, after the analysis of limitations about using embedding and stick to fix optical fiber in slope engineering, new optical fiber fixation is explored. Based on anti-sliding piles being used as carrier of slope deformation in depth, deformation in depth is studied. Using optical fiber sensor in slope deformation monitoring in depth and applying monitoring results, how to determine anti-sliding pile internal force and push on piles is being discussed. Combined distributed optical fiber monitoring technology and grey correlation theory, which are applied in the deformation monitoring and result analysis of double-row anti-sliding piles, comprehensive correlation decision-making model is being put forward to study on compatible deformation characteristics of double-row anti-sliding piles.Based on the research on the above-mentioned, some results are concluded as follows:(1) For the difficulties of optical fiber layout in the slope, a new method of fixation by twisting fibers is proposed to ensure coordinated deformation about optical fibers and monitoring objects. Monitoring figures of optical fibers by twisting show that there is false response near the winding section. The length of twisted fiber is determined according to not only the rod material and geometry but also distance resolution.(2) According to the strain monitoring data of anti-sliding piles, a new method to determine landslide thrust is proposed. The model to determine the thrust on piles is established by the functional relationship among moment, normal stress, shear stress. Through this model, some variables can be obtained such as the distribution of the pile load intensity, the value of landslide thrust, the distribution form of landslide thrust.(3) A method to internal force of anti-sliding piles is proposed by strain monitoring data. According to the calculation theory of flexure member and the parameters of reinforced concrete, internal force against the anti-sliding pile is calculated. On the basis of the theoretical values about internal force, the safety of anti-sliding piles is evaluated.(4) Comprehensive correlation decision-making model that can be used to analysis compatible deformation characteristics of double-row anti-sliding piles is proposed by combining distributed optical fiber monitoring technology and grey correlation theory. Aiming at specific engineering, the research provides corresponding analytical method.更多还原