【作者】 李北群；

【导师】 冒荣；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 高等教育学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 人才是事业发展的基础,而人才培养则是高校永恒的主题。纵观中国气象事业发展的历史,高校的人才培养,尤其是本科层次的人才培养可谓居功至伟。反观学界对这一问题的研究,则显得相当薄弱和缺乏系统性,即便已有的研究也多从行业角度论述,较少学理性的分析。本研究从我国气象人才培养的历史、现状与存在的问题入手,运用文献法、调查法、个案法、比较法等研究方法,通过借鉴历史上气象人才培养的成功经验,立足于国内外新形势的发展尤其是中国气象事业未来发展的需要,并借助与国外高校气象人才培养的比较研究,力求厘清我国高校气象本科人才培养在目标、过程、制度和评价等要素层面存在的问题,进而全面探寻我国高校为气象事业未来发展培养适用性本科人才的路径。借助人才培养的四要素理论,通过对北京大学、南京信息工程大学、中国海洋大学等三所高校本科层次气象人才培养的案例分析,结合中国气象事业及人才队伍发展的趋势,并借鉴历史及美国、俄罗斯、日本等国高校气象本科人才培养的经验,本研究认为,随着我国社会主义市场经济体制逐步确立和进一步发展、高等教育体制改革不断深化和高等教育大众化趋势日益增强,以及气象事业的现代化进程不断加快,我国高校气象本科人才培养在目标定位、过程实施,制度保障、评价机制等要素层面均不能适应中国气象事业对于人才的需求,而这种不适应性则主要体现在人才结构(既包括个体素质结构,也包括整体素质结构),而不是规模方面。鉴于此,本研究建议我国高校应适时启动气象本科人才培养的适应性改革(已有高校,如南京信息工程大学,开始这一尝试。),提升培养质量和水平,使高校气象本科人才培养与气象科技和业务服务需求紧密契合。首先,应根据国家气象事业发展需要及高校服务面向和学科专业实力定位人才培养目标。其次,应依据大气科学发展趋势和行业发展需求,优化学科专业结构,促进学科交叉复合,以拓宽专业“内涵”,增强学科自我调试能力。最后,应在整体知识观的指导下,更新课程内容,重新构建气象本科人才培养课程体系,以凸显气象本科人才培养的个性化、多元化和国际化特色。更多还原

【Abstract】 Talents are the foundation of social development. Therefore, talents edu cation is the eternal theme of universities and colleges. Throughout the hi story of China Meteorology Education, the talents education of universitie s and colleges, in particular, education of undergraduates has achieved gre at success. However, academic research on this phenomenon appears to b e weak and unsystematic. Although there does exist some research on it, yet they almost illustrated from the field of trade and somewhat lack the logical analysis. This dissertation will start from the history of China’s Meteorological Undergraduate Education (MUE), its status quo and the ex isting problems with the application of research methods such as literature review, investigation, case study and comparative analysis, etc. By learni ng the successful experience of MUE in history, we are grounded on the new situation from both home and abroad especially the need of future development of China’s meteorological education. Moreover, with the com parative analysis between China’s Meteorological Undergraduate Education and that of abroad, we strive to figure out the problems in the objective s, the processes, the systems and the quality evaluation in MUE so as to grope for a path fitting to nurture the capable undergraduate talents in China’s universities and colleges for the future development of meteorolo gy in all aspects. According to the four major aspects of MUE, we discuss the meteoro logical education status quo as Beijing University (a first-class comprehen sive university), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technolog y (a university with comprehensive disciplines in MUE) and Ocean Unive rsity of China (a university with characteristics in MUE). Besides, we als o take the current situation of the China’s meteorological development an d meteorological undergraduate education into consideration with the succ essful experience of MUE in US, Russia, and Japan. According to this re search, since China’s socialist market economic system has already taken shape and developed greatly, higher education system reform has deepene d and the trend of public education of higher education has become popu lar. Moreover, the modernization of China’s meteorological development h as accelerated. However, location of objectives, carrying out of process, a nd system guarantee and evaluation system of China’s MUE and other as pects cannot meet the needs of China’s meteorological career to the talent s. And the inadaptability lies in the talents structure (not only the individ ual academic structure, but the overall academic structure also included), i nstead of the scale of talents.Based on such situation, this research advises the suitable adaptability changes to domestic MUE (some universities have already taken these c hanges, such as Nanjing University of Information Science and Technolog y). The improvement of the quality of meteorological talents has to be cl osely connected with domestic MUE and the needs of the service of met eorological science and technology and meteorological career. First of all, we should locate the objectives of MUE in face of the higher education service and the forces of the discipline with the needs of China’s meteo rological development. Secondly, we need to upgrade the discipline struct ure, promote the intersection of different disciplines so as to broaden the connotation of majors and strengthen the adaptability of disciplines in te rms of the trend of atmospheric science and the needs of different trades. Lastly, under the instruction of overall meteorological knowledge, we sh ould upgrade the contents of disciplines and reconstruct the curricular syst em of MUE to outstand the uniqueness, diversification and internationaliz ation of MUE.更多还原