【作者】 杨慧馨；

【导师】 虞定海；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 民族传统体育学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 研究目的：太极拳作为东方文化的典型代表,注重形神合一,强调内外并重,能够全面提高人的生理、心理和社会适应能力,业已成为享誉海内外的良好健身运动方式,尤其受到中老年人的青睐。本研究鉴于大众对太极拳科学健身指导的需求,依托太极拳良好的健身价值,通过太极拳健身运动处方的论证与制定,以及处方系统的开发,为中老年人提供科学准确、优质高效的太极拳健身指导,同时也为太极拳更好地服务于大众健身、造福于世人提供了一个崭新的研究思路,拓宽太极拳健康促进的研究范式。研究方法：运用了文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验测试法、数理统计法,引入传统哲学、医学、养生学思想,以及生理学、病理学、心理学、老年学等学科理论,层层递进,分析论证了太极拳健身运动处方的理论基础和实践操作方案。主要研究结论：1.太极拳形、意、气共同炼养的运动特点,有别于强调形体锻炼的西方体育,是当代人追求身心健康,陶冶性情的良好健身方式,其健身价值日益突显。2.运用现代科学理论和传统医学、养生学思想论证了太极拳健身效益的产生机制,结合陈、杨、吴、孙、武等各派太极拳的技法特点,提炼分析了柔、缓、松、静、连、稳、圆、整八个太极拳健身要素,并论证了健身要素的整体涌现性特征。3.根据博采众长、简单易学、局整结合的原则,从松、稳、圆、连四个太极拳健身要素,以及针对循环系统、呼吸系统、神经系统、运动系统、平衡机能和消化系统的机能特点,课题组编创了两个系列共十套太极操。4.已有研究结果显示,太极拳属于中小强度有氧运动,运动强度具有明显的架势依赖性特征。本研究也得到了相似的结果,同时还显示,24式太极拳锻炼使中老年人的心肺功能发生了较好的适应性改变。野马分鬃、倒卷肱、云手三个动作时在120-130s之间心率、摄氧量达到稳定状态；三个典型动作运动强度相似。5.太极拳运动处方的制定,不能单纯将运动强度作为运动量的评价指标,应更多从太极拳技术特点和功能价值的角度组合太极拳动作内容。6.提出了易于操作,适应机型面宽的太极拳健身运动处方系统的研发思路,该系统包含锻炼者基本信息、处方条件、运动处方、运动内容说明、生活方式指导五个部分。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:Tai Chi is the typical representation of Eastern culture. It focuses on unity of body and spirit and emphasizes both on internal and external, which improves the physiology, psychology and social adaptability comprehensively. It has become popular exercise mode in the world, especially for elder people. Nowadays, more and more people search for scientific guidance of Tai Chi on body exercise. Depend on the exercise value of Tai Chi, through discussing and making Tai Chi Exercise Prescription system, the study aims to provide scientific and efficient exercise direction for elder Tai Chi participants. At the same time, the study not only provides new research views on fitness improvement of Tai Chi, but also extends its research mode.Methods:The paper analyzes and elaborates the theoretical foundation and practical operation of Tai Chi Exercise Prescription, through using the methods of literature review, expert interview, experiment and mathematical statistics, and in the instruction of traditional philosophy, Chinese medical science, and Chinese regimen, as well as the theoretical guidance of Physiology, Psychology, Gerontology and so on.The main conclusions:1. Tai Chi is the great healthy exercise on fitness seeking and spirit edifying, and its value on fitness become more and more obvious. The exercise characteristic of refining form, conscious and Qi together is different from Western sports which emphasize on body building.2. By using modern scientific theories, traditional medicine and Chinese regimen, the paper demonstrates the generation mechanism of fitness benefit. Combining with various techniques characteristics of Chen, Yang, Wu, Sun, Wu, it refines and analyzes eight elements as "rou", "huan", "song", "jing", "lian", "wen", "yuan", "zheng". Furthermore, it elaborates the overall emergence characteristic of fitness elements.3. The research team creates ten sets Tai Chi gyms, according to the discipline of "make full use of anyone, easy to learn and combing parts and whole". The ten sets Tai Chi gyms stem from two series as follows:1)the fitness elements of "song" "yuan", "wen", "lian"; 2) the function of the characteristics of circulatory system, respiratory system, nervous system, motor system, balance function and digestive system. 4. Previous studies have showed that Tai Chi was an aerobic exercise with moderate intensity which depended on different postures. The paper gets the same results. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the Cardiopulmonary Performance in the elderly makes better after 24-style Tai Chi exercise. The HR and VO2 of Yemafenzhong, Daojuangong and Yunshou movements keep stable state in 120-130s, and the intensity among three movements are similar.5. The Tai Chi Exercise Prescription for fitness shouldn’t be made simply by exercise intensity as the evaluation index, while it should combine the technique contents followed by the technique characteristic and function of Tai Chi.6. The paper puts forward the development ideas of Tai Chi exercise prescription system which is easy to operate and wide application on computer system. It includes following modules as basic information of exercisers, prescription conditions, exercise description, contents description as well as lifestyle guidance.更多还原