当代中国体育经济伦理的理论与实践研究

【作者】 沈克印；

【导师】 周学荣；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在大力发展体育经济的过程中,市场经济不仅带来了竞争意识、效率意识、民主法制意识等道德精神,还带来了一些体育经济伦理问题。现代意义上的体育经济不仅是法制经济,更是德治经济。建立和完善体育市场,既要强调市场的规则,又要重视伦理道德的作用。在依法治国和以德治国相结合的治国方略背景下,借鉴经济伦理学的相关理论知识,探索体育经济伦理的基本理论,从宏观制度、中观组织和微观个体三个层面来研究体育经济伦理问题,对于丰富体育伦理学和体育经济学的理论体系都具有重要的理论价值,同时对于规范体育市场,促进体育产业的健康可持续发展,提高人的道德水平,具有重要的实践价值。以跨学科研究视域,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、案例分析法、描述与规范法、逻辑分析法等多研究方法,对体育经济伦理的基本理论进行了探索性研究,同时对当代中国所凸显的体育经济伦理问题进行了实践研究,研究认为：(1)体育经济伦理是在体育经济领域中所形成的伦理精神或伦理气质以及协调利益关系的道德准则和行为规范。经济与道德内在关联的思想资源、体育经济中“经济人”的伦理属性以及经济伦理介入体育领域的必要性和现实性,是体育经济伦理提出的重要依据。体育经济伦理具有存在的必然性和交叉性、投入的功利性和依附性、运作的实践性和规范性、产出的缓慢性和持久性等特征。体育经济伦理分为关系结构、现象结构和层次结构。体育经济伦理具有认识与评价、教育与改造、调节与整合、激励与升华等功能。体育经济伦理作为体育产业发展的无形资产,具有重要的人本价值,可以影响体育产业政策的制定,有利于规范体育经济行为。(2)当代中国体育经济领域凸显的伦理道德问题主要表现为政府在体育经济政策中的伦理困境、体育产业组织的不道德现象以及体育经济个体的职业道德问题和体育消费自由与道德责任问题。其产生的深层原因是体育经济领域中存在着政府失灵和市场失灵,体育经济行为主体的道德缺失。其现实原因是：在制度方面上,体育产业相关法律不够完善,制度缺乏创新与法制建设滞后,体育市场中信用制度的缺失；在经济方面上,过度商业化侵蚀着体育领域,个人极端利己主义的产生,经济利益的驱动力；在道德方面上,道德教育功能弱化,职业道德水平下降,道德约束和惩罚乏力；在心理方面上,重利轻义的贪婪心理,胆大妄为的侥幸心理,盲目攀比的失衡心理和扭曲的竞争心理。(3)体育经济伦理建设对于构建健康的体育市场秩序、形成个体优秀的道德品质、促使道德转化为一种资本具有重要作用。在建设过程中应遵循社会主义市场经济导向、制度保障与道德教化结合、经济效率与社会公平相协调、实践性与长期性相结合、个人权益与社会责任并重等原则。主要策略是：在宏观层面上,通过发展体育产业,夯实制度伦理建设的物质基础；发挥政府的宏观调控作用；加强制度创新,实现经济伦理制度化；完善相关体育法律法规等措施来加强制度伦理建设。在中观层面上,通过提高有效的制度供给,建立培养伦理责任的宏观调控体系；建立社会监督机制；建设伦理型的企业文化；制定道德行为规范；塑造管理者的道德人格；加强员工的道德教育和培训等措施来加强企业伦理建设。在微观层面,通过进行职业道德教育；建立道德评价体系；完善道德激励机制和强化职业道德监督等措施加强个体道德建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 Market economy, brought not only competition, efficiency, democracy, legal system, such as moral and spiritual, but also brought some ethical issues of Sports economics in the process of sport economic. Sports economy in the modern sense is not only the legal economy, it is by virtue economy. It is necessary for establishing and improves sports market to emphasize the rules of the market, but also attach importance to the role of ethics. It has not only an important theoretical value on promoting healthy and sustainable development of the sports industry to explore the basic theory of economic ethics sports by virtue of the related theories of the economic ethics, from macro-system, meso and micro-organization study of sports three levels of individual economic ethics problems in the background of law and virtue combined statecraft, but also an important practical value to standardize sports market, and promote healthy and sustainable development of the sports industry to raise the moral level. We use literature data, expert interviews, case analysis, description and specification, logical analysis and other multi-disciplinary research methods, ethics in sports economic theory to explore the basic research while contemporary Chinese sports highlights ethical issues of economic practice research in vision of cross-disciplinary research field, the results were as follow:(1) Sports business ethics is code of ethics and conduct in sport economic field or the formation of the ethical spirit of the ethical nature and the coordination of the relationship between ethics and ethical behavior. Economic and moral resources of the inner thoughts associated, sports economy, "Economic Man" and the economic ethics of the ethical nature of the necessity involved in sports and reality is made sports an important basis for economic ethics. Ethics of sport has some feature, such as the inevitability of economic and cross-cutting, put the utility and dependent, the operation of the practical and normative, the slow output and durability and others. Sports business ethics is divided into relationship, phenomenon and hierarchy structure, which has the functions of understanding and evaluation on economic ethics, education and transformation, regulation and integration, incentives and sublimation. Sports business ethics which is regarded as intangible assets of the sports industry, has an important human values, can influence policy-making sports industry, will help standardize the behavior of sports economy. (2) The ethical issues of contemporary economic performance of Chinese sports include sports ethical dilemmas of government economic policy in the sports industry, sports organizations and the immorality of the economic and ethical issues of individual freedom and moral responsibility of sports consumption issues. The underlying reasons of its formation are the existence of sports economy government dysfunction and market dysfunction, physical and moral decay of economic actors. The real reasons are:in the system, the relevant laws is not perfect in the sports industry, the system is lack of innovation and the legal system lags behind, the sports market in the absence of credit system; In the economy, the excessive erosion of the sports commercial, personal extreme egoism generation, the driving force of economic interests; In ethics, Weakening of moral education, reduction in the level of professional ethics, Weak moral restraint and punishment; In psychology, Materialistic defined mental greed, psychological sense of daring chances, blind comparisons and imbalance mental, distortion of competition psychology.(3) The construction of sports economics ethics has an important role on the formation of health sports in the market order, the individual good moral character and promote morality into a kind of capital. In the process of building a socialist market economy, we should follow guidance system combines security and moral education, economic efficiency and social equity in harmony, combining practical and long-term, both individual rights and the principles of social responsibility. Main strategy is as follows:at the macro level, we should play the role of the government’s macro regulation and control; strengthen the system of innovation, and institutionalization of economic ethics; improve relevant laws and regulations and other measures to sports to strengthen the institutional ethics building, through developing the sports industry, strengthening the material basis of institutional ethics; At the meso level, by increasing the supply of effective system, establishing macro regulatory system on developing ethical responsibility and social supervision mechanism; developing ethical corporate culture; drafting ethical conduct; shaping the moral character of managers; strengthening staff moral education and training and other measures to strengthen the construction of business ethics. At the micro level, we should establish moral evaluation system; improve the moral ethics of incentives and strengthen measures to strengthen supervision of individual morality through performing professional ethics education.更多还原