精神追寻：农民工子女的语言与自我认同

【作者】 赵翠兰；

【导师】 吴康宁；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以全球现代性为背景,以中国现代化进程中城乡二元经济体制逐渐被解构、城乡两种语言文化风格的碰撞与交融、农民工子女生存物理空间的转换作为研究的基点,从语言视角、微观层面探讨城市公立学校中农民工子女由于生存物理空间转换的诱发了心理格局的重组,进而导致其自我同一性危机加剧的问题。在现代性背景下,以工具理性、逻辑和进步为特征的现代性建构起来的话语体系,构成了对变化、多样、差异、多元语言文化等的裁剪、打磨和隔离。中国的现代化进程中建构了以城市为主导的语言文化,它构成了对其它语言文化特别是对乡土语言文化的压制、打磨和吞噬。农民工子女由乡村进入到城市并且在城市间的流动,造成了他们自我成长过程程的同一性的断裂,由此导致了自我迷失、价值混乱以及意义缺失等问题。因而,本研究从语言这一视角探讨农民工子女的认同趋向,试图回答以下几个问题：语言是如何将他们建构成为飘泊的主体的?在语言共同体和家庭中农民工子女有着怎样的认同趋向?在学校的生活场域,农民工子女经历了怎样的再社会化过程?研究表明：第—,作为正在成长中的农民工子女,身体上的频繁流动带来的是心理上不断被解构、建构乃至重构,这种流动没有使农民工子女形成一个同一的、明晰的自我认同,因而加剧了农民工子女自我同一性危机。这种危机的突出表现就是不知道“我是谁?”、“我是哪里人?”、“我要成为怎样的人?”之类的自我归属问题。农民工子女的这样一种生存状态在很大程度上使他们成为飘泊在城市生活之外的孤独者。第二,从总体上来看,农民工子女更倾向于城市生活,对城市语言和文化有着较为强烈的认同。但是,城市语言文化像一堵无形的墙,将那些极力融入城市生活的农民工子女实施隐性的隔离,这种隐性隔离主要表现在主流语言‘文化以自我为中心,唯我独尊,排斥、打压、吞噬异己语言和文化。第三,通过对农民工子女在语音、词汇、语法、语篇等方面的探讨,发现农民工子女认同城市的主要途径就是要经历一个语言再社会化的过程,即不仅要经历言语社会化,更重要的是要经历语言社会化。这种再社会化对农民工子女来说是一个艰难的过程,因为语言不仅仅是一种用来驾驭外物的工具,更重要的是语言作为一种生活方式的体现,构成了人存在的世界,构成了人的生命,构成了主体本身。因而语言转换的过程不仅仅足从一种工具到另一种工具的驾驭,更表征了人生活方式的转变在论文的结语部分,研究者再次从语言本体论的角度论述了“语言是人存在之居所”这一命题,同时研究者以正处于成年期的农民工子女为例,确证部分农民工子女对城市的不认同。他们在城市生活中处于飘泊状态的根源之一在于,由于他们没有纳入到城市语言文化的体系中,始终以边缘人的目光审视和打量着城市,进而导致其对自我同一性进行苦苦的追寻。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the context of global modernity, urban-rural binary economy system is being deconstructed in Chinese modernization process, city-country language and cultural style being collided and fused, and the physical space of migrant workers’ children is transferred. From the perspective of language, this study discusses the reconstruction of migrant children" psychological pattern induced by the transfer of their living places in a micro-level, and it further leads to the crisis of their self-identification worse.Constructed from modernity characterized by instrumental rationality, logic and progress, the discourse system cuts, polishes and isolates the variable multi-language culture. Chinese modernization has constructed a language dominated by city culture, which presses, polishes and even devours the other languages, with country language in particular. The migrant workers’children transfer from country to city, floating between cities, and this brings about the breakage of self-identification in their growing process, leading to the problems of self-lost, value confusion and the lake of meaning. Therefore, this study discusses the migrant children’s self-identity tendencies from the aspect of language, with an attempt to answer the following questions:how does language construct migrant children to an identity of flowing subject; what’s the children’s identity tendency in language community and their families; what sort of re-socialization process the children has experienced.The results indicate:first, for the growing migrant workers’ children, their body movement from one place to another brings about the deconstruction, construction and even reconstruction in mind. The floating prevents the children forming a consistent and clear self, which deepens the crisis of their self-identification. The crisis is most obviously revealed in children’s confusion with such self-identity questions as "Who am I?", "Where I am from?", and "Who I will be?". This kind of living situation to a large extent makes the migrant children the loners beyond the city life.Second, In general, the migrant workers’ children tend to accept city life, and have a relatively strong identification with the city language and culture. However, city language and culture is seemed to be an invisible wall isolating the migrant children who are trying their best to melt into the citv life. This invisible isolation is mainly showed in the self-centered mainstream language and culture, rejecting, suppressing and devouring alien language and culture. Third, through discussing migrant workers’ children in phonic, vocabulary, grammar and discourse, we find they need to experience the language socialization in the course of identifying cities. They experience not only speech socialization but language socialization, namely, socialization of the city’s language culture. This is hard work for them. Because language is not only a tool, but also the reflection of the life pattern. It constructs the world for human, life and the subject. The course of transferring of language is not the tool used, but the life pattern.The final part of the dissertation discusses the proposition of "language is the home of human beings" from the perspective of language ontology. Meanwhile the researcher takes the migrant children in adulthood as an example to confirm that some grown migrants are unidentitied with cities.One of the root causes for their flowing status in city life is that they haven’t been accepted by the system of city language and culture.They keep observing and thinking about this city as marginal men.which results in their continuous pursuit for their self-identity.更多还原