压力型体制下的行政问责模式研究

【作者】 魏云；

【导师】 浦兴祖；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 中外政治制度， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 自2003年以来,中国行政问责实践取得了长足进展,一大批官员被问责,从而形成了引起各方广泛关注的“问责风暴”。与此同时,中国行政问责的制度化之门也逐步开启,从地方到中央,有关行政问责的规定纷纷出台。中国政府在推进行政问责方面,其决心和毅力超乎寻常。为何选择这样的时机,如此努力推动行政问责的进程,本文将试图进行分析。在目前行政问责的过程中,有行政体系内部的等级问责,表现为“上问下责”模式；也有来自行政体系外部的问责,即来自公民的“个体否决”模式,以及媒介的“跨地域”模式。由于政治传统和政治架构的影响,使得等级问责与行政体系具有较高契合性,因此“上问下责”成为当前行政问责的主要模式,并且制度化进程得到一定推进,当前所说的“行政问责制”基本也是指有关等级问责的制度。与此同时,行政体系之外的问责呼声也日渐高涨。从公民到大众传播媒介,无不发出了对于问责权的诉求。他们利用压力型体制的特点,不断寻觅开展行政问责的政治空间,并实际上已经开始了行政问责的行为,即公民的“个体否决”模式与媒介的“跨地域”模式。这样的问责行为,一方面有助于中国责任政府的建构,促使政府官员更好地对民众负责,但另一方面,缺少制度化的无序问责,也带来了种种弊端。更多还原

【Abstract】 The practice of administrative accountability has made considerable progress in China since 2003. A large number of officials were censured, which creates a widespread concern about the "accountability crisis." In the meantime, the administrative accountability in China is becoming more institutionalized gradually. Relevant provisions of administrative accountability have been introduced from local to central authorities. The Chinese government shows extraordinary determination and perseverance in pushing the executive of administrative accountability. It is worth considering why the Chinese government takes effort to push administrative accountability at this point.Top-down accountability is recognized, in the government system, as the methodology. It’s also the main accountability pattern specified at all levels of government. However, increasing calls for accountability beyond the administrative system are emerging. Accountability power is widely demanded from the general public to the mass media. They use the characteristics of the pressurized system, constantly looking for political space to carry out administrative accountability, and have practically begun the behavior of administrative accountability. This sort of accountability has contradictory effects. On one hand, it contributes to the fulfillment of government’s due diligence and prompts government officials to be more responsible to the general public. On the other hand, the disordered accountability, due to its lack of institutionalization, brings many defects. Based on this concern, this study analyzes several main modes of administrative accountability in China and tries to find a solution to the dilemma.更多还原