【作者】 刘姉姈；

【导师】 严法善；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 政治经济系， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 环境污染是现代人类所面临的最紧迫的问题之一。自从人类产生以来,环境污染已经是被预见的事实,但是工业革命以后,随着人类活动领域与对象的急剧扩大,环境污染问题日益严重起来。目前,环境问题已经成为不可回避的现实问题,而且处于不得不解决的境地。但是,环境问题与引起环境问题的经济发展是相互对立的两个方面。因此,各国在环境保护与经济发展之间选择优先发展顺序与环境保护手段上,面临着诸多难题。这种情况,在韩国与中国所处的东北亚地区也不例外。尤其,由于东北亚的地域邻接性引起越境污染,以及由此发生纠纷也就在所难免。中国的人口多,人均资源少,中国面临着比较其它国家更为严峻的经济增长与资源匮乏的压力,环境问题已经成为不可回避的现实问题。自1978年以来,中国果断地推进改革与社会主义市场经济体制建设,不仅提高了中国人民的生活水平,而且大幅提升了中国的综合国力。但是与此同时,中国推行的经济发展优先政策,也导致了不逊于其经济成果的负担问题,其中环境问题成为最突出的问题。随着人们对环境问题认识的不断深化,国家之间的环境外交成为国际社会的主要问题之一,而深受中国环境越境污染影响的周边国家的谴责声音也在不断增强,在这种外部压力下,中国政府也在重新认识自身的环境问题。因此,为了解决东北亚地区国家之间的跨国环境污染问题,构筑国家之间交换和共享信息的环境合作体系成为理论界研究的重要课题。当今,在国际环境问题上,单方面受害国家为使问题得以迅速解决,向污染源国家提出支付补偿的情形已屡见不鲜。但是近年来,受害国将环境问题与其他问题联系起来,以协商方式来应对国际环境问题。1994年,关于流经美国和墨西哥的科罗拉多河(Colorado River)的污染问题,墨西哥因地处下游这一不利的地理位置,单方面受到了美国水质污染的侵害。然而,墨西哥通过占据您久之河一格兰德河(Lower Rio Grande River)上游的优势,将科罗拉多河与您久之河一格兰德河的污染问题联系起来,通过协商,最终取得了令人满意的协商成果。在本论文中,主要考虑的是有关东北亚环境问题和进军中国环境产业市场问题的应对方案。这也是在韩中日三国环境部长会议(Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting among Korea, China and Japan,英语缩写TEMM)上讨论的问题。通过论文的探索,可以或多或少地减轻韩国对中国援助而导致的经济负担,同时,也可以为因其间各种阻碍因素而难免于一场苦战的韩国环境产业提供进军机会,以及通过降低东北亚环境污染带来更多便利等予以考虑和选定。中国环境产业在未来一段时期将保持均15%-20%的增长率。2008年环境产业产值为4800亿元,环保投资为4494.8亿元,环境投资对环保产业产值的拉动率约为1.1左右。环境产业产值如果以年均增长率15%计算,2009-2012年的环境产业产值为2.76万亿元,“十二五”期间环境产业产值可达4.92万亿元,投资潜力是相当巨大的。然而,由于相关信息的不对称、行业垄断以及中国的封闭性倾向等阻碍因素,有意进军中国环境产业市场的韩国企业难逃一场苦战。如果把轻易即可进入中国环境市场的协商议题与东北亚环境污染问题联系起来,从环境合作协商的层面进行商讨的话,就能够提高韩国环境产业进军中国市场的可能性,同时当进入中国环境市场变得轻而易举之时,由追加的市场进入而产生的利润多少也可缓解韩国所承受的经济负担。本文以此论旨为基础,利用博弈理论,目的在于揭示现在单纯依靠支援而实现的有关东北亚环境问题的合作得以稳定履行的局限,为克服这种局限,提出了要将支援和进军中国环境产业市场方案相互连接起来的对策,协商方案不仅要使环境协商过程中的协议能较为容易地达成,而且使达成协议的协商议题得以强化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental pollution is one of the most urgent problems that humankind is facing nowadays. Such problem was already predicted from the beginning of mankind but, following the Industrial Revolution, the rapid expansion of human activities has worsened the situation. Today, environmental problems can no longer be ignored and need to be addressed.Northeast Asia is no exception to this situation. As a result of a drastic reform and socialist market economy in the early 1980s, China has improved its standard of living and boosted its national power, but at the same time, its rapid economic growth has caused adverse matters on environmental issues that are coming to the fore front. The Chinese government has started to develop environmental awareness as environmental diplomacy among nations has rapidly become a major diplomatic issue to the international society and as a result of the condemnation of neighboring countries that have suffered environmental damages from the growing pollution of China. For this reason, it has become an important project to forge an environmental cooperative system sharing information among nations to assess and address environmental problem.From now on, the nation suffering one-sidely damages on international environmental project has solved the problem by subsidizing to nation having a source of pollution. But lately, the affected countries are solving with the trans-border environmental problem in conjunction with another issue by conducting negotiations. In 1994, Mexico couldn’t help putting up with suffering unrequitedly from water pollution of America on issue of the Colorado which runs across America and Mexico because of unfavorable geographical feature located in the lower reaches of the river. However, Mexico successfully negotiated a solution to its pollution problems related to the Colorado and the Lower Riogrande by using the advantage of being located in the upper reaches of the Lower Riogrande. It will be possible that affected nations get out of the situation having to endure unrequited damages and be advantageous to both countries in the event of negotiating by connecting issue of negotiation and another problem like this. In addition, there is, always the possibility that an agreed-upon cooperation is implemented faithfully thanks to a mutually benefiting agreement and the stability brought by the negotiation process of multiple collaborative agendas.Accordingly, this study considers how to connect environmental issues of Northeast Asia with an entrance into Chinese environmental industry market. This is selected considering the fact that support for China would reduce Korean economic burden and it would repesent a good opportunity for the Korean environmental industry. Although, though Korea has had a difficult time due to the many obstacles, it could expect some benefit from a decrease in Northeast Asia environmental pollution through discussion of the issues at a meeting of environment ministers.The rate of Chinese environmental industrial growth has ranged from 15～20% on average. There is a large potential for investment in the environmental industry as the annual rate of output’s growth in environmental industry is 15% and environmental industrial output expected to grow by 2.76 trillion from 2009 to 2012. However, an enterprise expecting to go into Chinese environmental industry market should cope with barriers common to closed-market such as lack of transparency, quasi-monopoly in the industry, and predominance of insider transactions and institutional hurdle for foreign companies.If a negotiation agenda, which is necessary to go into Chinese environmental market, was to be agreed, along with a linking to Northeast Asia’s environmental pollution, it would be possible for Korea to have a higher chance to enter into Chinese environmental market. Furthermore, if an entry to Chinese environmental market was to be facilitated, the profit from an additional entrance to the market might mitigate the Korean financial burden caused by the support for China.This study suggests that a cooperation, which currently maintains depending on only support on the environmental problem of Northeast Asia, has a limit to implement stably with Game Theory. Furthermore, this research presents that a negotiation agenda not only facilitates agreement in environmental negotiations, it also enhances the prospe ct of fulfilling the negotiated terms with connection with way to go into Chinese environmental industry market as a alternative to overco me the limitations.更多还原