后冷战时期美国霸权战略的转型

【作者】 申耿焕；

【导师】 倪世雄；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 国际关系， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本文从总体上分析了美国在冷战后全球霸权战略的转型及其在东亚地区的具体体现。在目前的国际国内形势下,美国已经不可能再延续其长期以来的权力霸权战略,即所谓硬霸权战略。若再继续下去,只可能对美国本身造成严重伤害。从目前美国的现实情况来看,不仅其相对军事实力即硬实力已经相对削弱,其国际道义认同即软实力也已经受到严重损害。正是在这一认知基础上,美国奥巴马总统才提出了“变革”一词,修复美国受损的软、硬实力。而这一修复过程的本身,正体现出本文所提出的“软霸权”战略。本文第二章主要分析了美国地位下降的原因和美国霸权战略转型的动因。美国地位下降的原因有三：一谓美国本国经济、政治、军事实力的相对下降,即美国硬霸权边际效应的出现,霸权已经不能够继续形成更多的效益；二谓中国、印度等国的崛起向美国提出了竞争性的挑战,霸权的伸张遭遇政治阻力,美国只能继续保持其领跑地位,而不能为所欲为地行使霸权；三谓美国本身对实力下降的恐惧,美国对于霸权地位丧失的忧虑使美国认为其实力已经下降。本文第三、四、五章从整体上分析了美国软霸权战略的三大支点。一是经济支点。能够向美国霸权发起挑战的前提与必要条件就是一国经济实力的提升。目前,中国_印度的高速经济增长已经成为美国德心病和隐忧。为应对这一隐忧,美国在继续保持经济优势的同时,也试图扩大这一优势地位的差距,如利用美元优势地位和国际组织的主导地位向其它国家输出通货膨胀、失业等风险,转嫁不利因素的影响。二是军事支撑。军事是实力的直接体现,也是霸权的最直白表达。在这一方面,美国一直处于绝对优势地位。三是政治手段。政治手段可以说是软霸权战略的最合适表达。美国在东北亚地区试图将中国拉拢入其规划好的国际政治构图,让中国成为顺从的对手,甚至是追随者。本文第六章分析了朝鲜半岛国家与美国东北亚战略的互动过程,进一步明确上美国新霸权战略的三大支点。通过美国新霸权战略三个支点的分析,本文解释了美国为何采取当前的朝鲜半岛战略,以及朝鲜问题的进程发展互动的全景。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation examines the change of hegemony strategy and a new hegemony system of the United States and how they influence East Asia.Currently, international situation makes the United States difficult to maintain the hegemony based on the power which the United States has continuously kept on. I define the hegemony based on the power as soft hegemony.If the United States maintains that hegemony, it will cause a serious damage to itself. Currently not only relative military power but soft power has been significantly decreased by and large. In this situation, an American president Obama with the slogan of "Change" insisted America should recover its status and power. It insists "soft hegemony" is US’s plan to reorganize world system and recover US’s power.There are three reasons of why the status of the United States has been degraded. Firstly, it’s the decline of economy, politics, and military power. With this hegemony decline, US’s hegemony cannot guarantee continuous profit to its country.Secondly, new countries such as China and India emerge as a powerful country. If the United States maintains already existing soft hegemony, it becomes manifest that a hegemony dispute between new emerging forces will arise.Thirdly, as the United States power has been declined, the fear that the United States would not keep its hegemony changed the form of hegemony. This is going to be explained in the chapter two.In sum, there are three main points in the United States’new hegemony strategy, a soft hegemony. Most of all, it is an economic leading. That is, the principal profit the hegemony brings is an economic development. Currently, the United States’concern of new emerging forces such as China and India is very large. In the new international system, the Unites States tries to keep its leading status in an international economy with using dollar, which is an international monetary.Second, the United States tries to maintain a superior power in the military strength. The US military will continuously hold a dominant position.Last main point of a soft hegemony is a political tactic. This is the most significant instrument that a soft hegemony possesses. In East Asia, the United States is incorporating China into the regime that US reorganized.This analysis leads to understand that how the United States approaches to Korean Peninsula policy and brings up North Korea issue. Chapter six analyzes two countries in Korean Peninsula and US’s hegemony strategy in the East Asia.更多还原