【作者】 左廷英；

【导师】 朱建军； 宋迎春；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在变形观测数据处理过程中,依据客观条件合理利用约束信息,显然可以简化模型,提高变形参数估计的精度,控制滤波的发散。因为状态约束的存在改变了动态定位问题概率方面的结构,给问题的分析及滤波解算带来了一定的难度。在实际变形观测数据处理时,常用的方法一般是通过状态约束方程消去某些状态参数,然后按一般滤波方法进行处理。对于某些非线性情况,这样处理往往使计算显得复杂,同时也使原来的滤波方程发生较大的改变,在实用上显得不方便。论文通过变形观测实例探讨了变形观测中先验约束信息的获取、转换和约束滤波模型的建立,侧重研究了如何通过地质、力学信息的滑坡、地形变信息来建立变形观测滤波解算模型。在分析了变形观测滤波算法的现状和存在的问题的基础上,论文针对不同形式的约束信息,给出了一些全新的算法,保证了测量信息异常或信息不充分时解算结果的有效性,其主要贡献有以下几点：1.通过变形观测实例探讨了变形观测中,先验约束信息的获取,模型的建立,总结各种约束的形式,并建立了相应的滤波模型。侧重研究了在考虑地质、力学信息的滑坡及地形变的数据处理与分析中相应的模型与算法及效果。2.针对参数带有不等式约束的平差模型,给出了这些最小二乘估计解的一般形式,为变形观测中约束滤波算法的实现提供了保证。3.针对一些先验约束信息带有未知参数无法利用的问题,提供了一种算法将其转换成含有未知参数的状态方程,采用移动窗口的系统误差拟合的方法,然后进行滤波解算方法。4.给出一种合理利用几何信息和物理信息的滤波算法,在变形观测数据处理中,首先把一些未知的物理信息看成是未知的系统误差并对其进行估计,再利用先验约束信息来控制几何观测异常对形变参数估计的影响。5.提出了一种状态变量带有约束的抗差滤波算法,在抗差估计情形里,无约束滤波过程首先提供一个初始的状态估计解,然后再综合利用约束信息进行更新。在变形观测的数据处理中,将变形体的物理模型预报的位移量作为先验约束信息,用连续滤波的方法对几何观测量进行处理,调节物理模型信息和几何观测信息间的相对权重,使变形体的物理模型参数加以修正,从而能够充分利用变形体的物理模型信息和几何观测信息,将误差的影响降到最小,使形变参数估计结果达到最优。论文创新性地解决了具有先验约束信息的利用和计算问题,使它能够在变形观测数据处理中广泛应用,同时把滤波理论推广到了带有先验约束信息的情形,使动态滤波数据处理理论得到一定的发展和完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the data processing of the deformation monitoring, constraint information can be properly used under certain objective conditions, which can apparently simplify the mathematical model and improve the accuracy of the estimated deformation parameters as well as control the filter divergence. But as the state constraints changes the probability structure of state parameters in the kinematic positioning, the difficulty for data analysis and filtering solutions will therefore increase. In the actual data processing, the commonly used method is to remove some state parameters by the state constraint equations, and then the left state parameters are estimated in a common filter processing. However, this tends to increase the complication of the calculation for some nonlinear cases and cause the greater change of the original filter equations. As a result, it is inconvenient in the practical application. This thesis investigates the acquisition of priori constraint information, conversion and the establishment of constraint filter model through a case study with an emphasis on how to build the mathematical model of deformation observation filter by using the geological, mechanical information of landslides and ground deformation information. Besides, based on the analysis of the current status and existing problems of the filtering algorithm, some novel algorithms have been proposed in terms of different constraint information. The new algorithms can increase the validation of the solutions when with abnormal or insufficient measurement information. The main contributions of the thesis are given as follows:1. Discuss the acquisition of the priori constraint information, establishment of model and summarize the forms of various constraints and build the corresponding filter model through a case study, focusing on data processing with the consideration of the landslide with geological and mechanical information and result analysis on the corresponding model and algorithms. 2. For parameters with adjustment model of inequality constraint information, the general form of least square solutions is given, which facilitates the implementation of constraint filtering algorithm in deformation observations.3. For some priori constraint information with unemployed unknown parameters, an algorithm is provided to convert it into state equation containing unknown parameters. Then the fitting method of systematic errors with moving window is adopted.4. A filtering algorithm with a proper use of geometry information and physical information is given. Firstly, some unknown physics information is thought as unknown systematic errors, which are then estimated in the data processing. Secondly, the priori constraint information is used to control the influence of the geometric observation abnormalities on deformation parameters.5. A filtering algorithm with the capability of resistance to blunders is proposed, in which the state parameters are constrained by constraint information. The filter solution without constraint firstly provides initial state estimates and then the state estimates are updated using comprehensively constraint information.In the data processing of deformation observation, the displacement obtained by the forecast of physical model of deformation body is used as a priori constraint. By handling the geometric measurements by continuous filter method, and adjusting the physical model information and relative weight between the physical model information and geometric measurement information, and modifying the parameters of physical model of the deformation body, the impact of the errors can be minimized and therefore optimal deformation parameter estimates can be obtained. The thesis innovatively solves the use and calculation issue of a priori constraint information and enables the application in the data processing of deformation observation. Meanwhile, the filtering theory is extended to enable the processing for the case with the prior constraint information and the data processing method of kinematic filtering is further improved and developed.更多还原