【作者】 钟蕾；

【导师】 潘晓华；

【作者基本信息】 江西农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本研究以R402×G37杂交后代选育的农艺性状稳定且相近的F89、F196、F177、F184、F175和明恢63等恢复系,及其与珍汕97A、金23A、K17eA、中九A、协青早A等配组的Fl为材料,于2007-2009年先后观察分析了农艺性状及配合力,并就花药和花粉粒性状及稻穗枝梗和颖花分化退化特性、苗期根系养分吸收动力学参数及生育后期根系衰退特性、生育后期叶片光合特性及衰老特性、光合产物的运转与分配特性等4个方面进行了系统研究,旨在阐明高配合力恢复系在根系、叶片及花器官等方面应具有哪些关键的生理生化特征特性。主要研究结论如下：供试籼型三系水稻恢复系单株产量一般配合力(GCA)效应值排序为F89(4.48)>F196(2.83)>F177(0.16)>F184(-1.66)>F175(-2.34)>明恢63(-3.46)。单株产量一般配合力高的恢复系苗期根系吸钾能力较强,花粉量大、花粉活力高,花粉粒较大,颖花退化少,穗大粒多,单株产量较高；剑叶全展后相对电子传递速率(ETR)大,潜在最大光合效率(Fv/Fm)高；抽穗期剑叶SPS活力低,淀粉含量日变幅小。抽穗后干重颖花比较低,非调节性能量耗散的量子产量Y(NO)增加,Fv/Fm、Y(Ⅱ)下降,光合机构易受强光损伤发生光抑制,SOD活性增强,MDA含量不可逆增加,伴随剑叶叶绿素含量及RuBPC活力下降,净光合速率同步下降；成熟期气孔导度小、净光合速率低,转色好,不贪青。恢复系单株产量一般配合力与花药大小,N、P元素吸收动力学参数,抽穗期根系伤流量、颖花根流量、根系活力衰退值,剑叶全展时Y(Ⅱ)、抽穗期ETR,抽穗期剑叶无机磷含量及其日变幅、蔗糖含量及其日变幅、淀粉含量,RuBPC活力,抽穗后剑叶MDA含量、剑叶温度及气叶温差,剑叶全展至抽穗后20天SPAD值及净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度关系不密切。单株产量一般配合力高的恢复系其F1苗期根系吸钾能力较弱,剑叶全展后叶绿素含量较低；抽穗期16：30无机磷与蔗糖含量呈显著负相关,12：30蔗糖含量高；颖花数多,具有大穗潜力；花药短小,花粉量较少；抽穗期Fo、Fm、F、Fm’低,SPAD值与净光合速率同步下降；灌浆盛期净光合速率低,干重颖花比低,不贪青,转色好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Physiological and biochemical characteristics of the different combining ability restoring lines in rice were compared using F1s combined by restoring lines F89, F196, F177, F184, F175 (the restoring lines were the generations of R402×G37 and their agronomic characteristics were near to each other and stable) and Minghui63 with sterile lines Zhengshan97A, Jing23A, K17eA, ZhongjiuA and XueqingzaoA, such as characteristics of the anther and pollen, differentiation and retrogression of branch and spikelet, absorption efficiency of ions and its kinetics, root ability and its declined properties after heading, flag leaf photosynthetic and senescence characteristics, translocation of assimilates of different combining ability restoring lines The main results were as follows:The orders of the restoring lines for the generally combining ability (GCA) of yield per plant were:F89 (4.48)>F196 (2.83)>F177 (0.16)>F184 (-1.66)>F175 (-2.34) >Minghui63 (-3.46)The important traits for the high combining ability restoring lines were higher potassium absorbing ability of young root, bigger panicle model, less retrogressed spikelets, and bigger pollen, more pollen amount and higher pollen activity, higher yield per plant, higher rETR(relatively electron transfer rate) and Fv/Fm after the full expanding of the flag leaf, lower activity for the SPS, lower daily dynamic of the flag leaf starch content at heading. lower variations of dry weight per spikelets, lower Fv/Fm and Y (Ⅱ), higher Y(NO), higher SOD activity and the MDA content after heading, along with derease of chlorophyll content of flag leaf and the photosynthetic rate after heading, lower photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance at grain filling stage, plant no maintaining leaf green and better leaf coloure change.Correlations between the combining ability yield per plant and nitrogen and phosphate uptake kinetics parameter during seedling stage, size of pollen, the root activity, spikelet root exudate at heading, the root activity declined value 30 days after heading, chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Y (Ⅱ) after the full expanding of the flag leaf and ETR at heading, the MDA content of flag leaf, the leaf surface temperature and temperature discrepancy between air after heading, flag leaf inorganic phosphate content and its daily dynamic, flag leaf sucrose content and its daily dynamic, flag leaf starch content, the activity for the RuBPCase at heading, chlorophyll content of flag leaf and net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration from the full expanding of the flag leaf to 20 days after heading were insignificant.The important traits for the F1s of the high combining ability restoring lines were lower potassium absorbing ability of young root, lower chlorophyll content of flag leaf after the full expanding of the flag leaf, negative significant at 0.05 level correlations between flag leaf inorganic phosphate content and flag leaf sucrose content, higher flag leaf sucrose content in 12:30 at heading, bigger panicle model, more spikelets, less pollen amount, small anther, lower chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fo、Fm、F、Fm’at heading, along with derease of chlorophyll content of flag leaf and the photosynthetic rate after heading, lower photosynthetic rate and variations of dry weight per spikelets at grain filling stage.not maintain green and easy to change coloure.更多还原