【作者】 刘中起；

【导师】 张广利；

【作者基本信息】 华东理工大学 ， 社会学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 “理性主义”问题一直是哈贝马斯批判理论关注的焦点,哈贝马斯指出,“现代性话语的历史重构应当建立在当代社会理论能为现代性反思和理性重建提供新规范的基础上”,“从黑格尔到德里达,‘理性主义’问题由确立到饱受争议,直至被解构,其根本原因在于——理性批判只是主体自我的‘反思性’批判”,要实现理性重建,就必须要突破和超越“中心化主体”的传统理性主义范式——从“意识哲学”的理性范式转换到‘交往’理性范式。在充分吸取了维特根斯坦的“语言游戏”理论和奥斯汀以及塞尔的“言语行为”理论后,哈贝马斯建构了其“规范语用学”,使得“交往行为运行在规范有序的理想环境中,交往理性奠立在社会实践的基础上,生活世界和系统获得了协调发展”,于是传统理性主义得到“拯救”——从“主体理性”范式转换为基于“主体间性”的“交往理性”范式。本研究基于“理性主义范式转换”这一理论坐标,对哈贝马斯的“交往行为理论”从理论层面到实践视阈进行了全方位的探讨与分析,旨在揭示哈贝马斯由“传统主体理性”范式转向“交往理性”范式背后所蕴含的重大理论意义与实践价值。在理论层面,通过将“交往理性”的生成放到“康德、黑格尔、马克思、韦伯、卢卡奇及早期法兰克福学派”的理性主义进程和社会(批判)理论的历史脉络中考察,揭示哈贝马斯“交往理性”范式对于解决现代性危机、重建启蒙理性所具有的重大理论价值；在实践层面,通过剖析哈贝马斯“话语伦理学”的内核与“制度化商谈”的现实路径,揭示其蕴含“交往理性”的话语民主实践的当代价值。更为重要的是,本研究还试图通过将哈贝马斯的“交往理性”纳入中国现代化的现实语境,关照中国在现代化进程中的独特的历史境遇与现实特征,旨在揭示哈贝马斯的“交往理性”对中国当前现代化建设所具有的重大理论借鉴意义,以及其话语商谈思想对于破解转型期中国社会秩序的张力与失范所具有的现实启示价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 "Rationalism" issues have been the focus of Habermas’s critical theory, in which he pointed out that "The historical reconstruction of the modern discourse should be established on the basis that the contemporary social theory can supply the new normality for the modern reflection and rational reconstruction", "From Hegel to Derrida, rational criticism was just the ’reflective’ criticism of oneself subject contributes to the rationalism’s establishment, turning to be highly controversial, even deconstructed". In order to achieve a Rational Reconstruction, the traditional paradigm of rationalism with "Subject- Oriented" had to be broken through and transcended and accomplished the transformation from the "philosophy of consciousness" into "Communicative Rational" paradigm. After fully absorbed from Wittgenstein’s "Language Games" theory and Austin Searle’s "Speech Act" theory, Habermas constructed "Normative Pragmatics", which leads to "orderly running of communicative action in ideal environment, the foundation of communicative rationality based on the social practice, and access of the coordinated development of life world and system", thus, the traditional rationalism be " saved ", which tranformed from the "Subject Rationality" paradigm into the "Communicative Rationality" paradigm that based on the " Intersubjectivity ".The research takes a full range of discussion and analysis as the threshold level on Habermas’s "Theory of Communicative Action" from theory to practice, it is based on "rationalism paradigm shift " coordinate,which aims to reveal the great theoretical and practical value of Habermas’s "paradigm shift" that turn the traditional "Objective Reasonality" to the "Communicative Rationality ". In theory, this dissertation has revealed the important theoretical value of Habermas’s "Communicative Rationality" paradigm for solving the crisis of modernity and the reconstruction of "Enlightenment Rationality", which by the way of inspection in the generation of "Communicative Rationality" that originated from the processes of rationalism and the historical context of socail critical theory on "Kant, Hegel, Marx, Weber, Lukacs and the Early Frankfurt School" study; at a practical level, through the analysis of the core of Habermas’s "Discourse Ethics " and the realistic path of "institutionalized negotiations", the thesis has illustrated the contemporary value of the "Deliberative Democracy" practice that contained the "Communicative Rationality". More importantly, this study also tries to put Habermas’s "Communicative Rationality"into the context of the reality of modern China, which have taken a kind of consideration of the unique historical circumstances and practical features for the process of China’s modernization, and provides the great reference of Habermas’s "Communicative Rationality" to China’s current modernization, and its enlightenment values of the idea on discourse discussion to the solution of social order anomie in China’s trasition period.更多还原