【作者】 冯军；

【导师】 王平；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 诠释学作为西方的批评理论在20世纪70年代末传入我国,逐渐渗透到各个学科,在文学方面产生了深远的影响。文学较其它学科与诠释学具有高度的相契性,文学的虚构属性,文学形象与思想的不相一致性使其文本更具有相当的开放性与意义独立性。《封神演义》文学、文化内涵丰富,其艺术魅力并没有随着时间的流逝而流逝,而是日益焕发着也生发着新的价值与影响,各种版本的文本样式、文学研究、影视作品、游戏开发充斥着我们的视野。《封神演义》在历史中展现的意义的开放性、丰富性与诠释学理解总是不同的理解、效果历史的理解等观点不谋而合,两者的衔接与融合有着深刻的学术价值与现代视域意义。全文共分五章。导论,包括“诠释学理论背景”、“中国古代小说诠释学”、“《封神演义》诠释研究的意义”。“诠释学理论背景”介绍了西方诠释学理论的产生发展及传至中国对中国文学批评的影响。中国古代小说诠释学是文学诠释学、诠释学一部分,“中国古代小说诠释学”对中国古代小说批评领域中的诠释思想与诠释事例进行了溯源。“《封神演义》诠释研究的意义”探讨了诠释学视点与理论给《封神演义》研究带来的理论意义与现实价值。第一章“《封神演义》诠释史述”。随着《封神演义》的问世,人们对其理解与解释活动层出不穷,按时间线索进行纵向分析划分为明代、清代、(1912—1976)、(1976一)四个诠释阶段。明代学界对《封神演义》解读主要以托名钟伯敬批评为主,涉及人物形象、君臣之道、教化等方面论述。清代随着研究的深入,《封神演义》诠释相对活跃,诠释者对《封神演义》奇幻的艺术想象力进行了肯定性评价,对《封神演义》中人物、情节做了沿波探源的本事考证,对《封神演义》作者、作品内容牵扯着与政治或即或离的关系。(1912一1976)接续清代诠释特征向前发展,主要呈现出以下几个方面的特点：一、是对《封神演义》艺术想象力的进一步认同；二、是在整理国故思潮影响下延续清代考证的诠释方法,在作者、版本、成书时代等方面下功夫；三、是对《封神演义》主题也做了与时俱进的探讨。(1976一)对《封神演义》的诠释走向了多元化审美观照。作者、版本等问题得到进一步的梳理与澄清,思想内容、艺术特色的研究也逐步走向成熟并迈向新的研究里程。从明代问世至今《封神演义》各种版本争相竞艳、异彩纷呈。按文字多寡、内容精简、版本主体的文学立场、文化背景不同有全本、绘图本、缩写本、节选本、改编本、续书本、译文本等。“《封神演义》版本诠释简论”论及了这些版本形式复杂多样、发展与时俱进的特点,并简要阐述了其在社会变迁中的时代价值及诠释者渗透在其中的审美取向。第二章《封神演义》政治解读。诠释者立足时代风云、个人体验感悟从不同的视角不同诠释视域对《封神演义》中革命思想、仁政主题、民主思想、伦理政治主题等进行理解,彰显政治诠释的多义性与丰富性,并在理解中审视剖析了与政治诠释对应的诸如比附索隐、主观臆断、牵强附会等诠释方法、传统与现代多种因素综合的诠释原因以及诠释价值。作为一种有效的批评方法,《封神演义》政治诠释是历史时代与诠释者思想的展示。尊重历史,尊重客观实际,基于作品的理解是《封神演义》的诠释底线。第三章《封神演义》诠释中的宗教哲学理解。《封神演义》作为神魔小说比较突出的是它的宗教哲学特征,诠释者从天命观宿命论、阐教截教、三教等方面一一进行了论述分析。老一辈的学者认同天命观,而受马克思主义教育成长起来的学者坚持唯物主义史观,认为天命迷信,而张扬个性肯定自我强调人本位的学人则对天命观不置可否。《封神演义》天命观命定论随着岁月的推进不断丰富发展,愈趋学术性,学术包容性尽显其中。《封神演义》充斥其间的善恶正邪的神仙妖魔的斗争是以阐教截教派别纷争为线索的。历代诠释者对阐教截教进行了内涵的界定、语义的探源、溯源正一教与全真教等教派的得失尊崇,并从诠释者的诠释立场与诠释视域进行了阐教截教意义的辨析与反思,张显了诠释者不同的灵思,丰富了《封神演义》的宗教解读。三教在《封神演义》中信手拈来,被作家反复提及,诠释者从狭义、广义方面把握三教内涵动态变化,阐述三教之间相互关系,在三教历史文化中理解《封神演义》三教的复杂性。《封神演义》的宗教诠释既有以小见大立竿见影的解读方式,也有深具理论深度与广度的表达,还有政治与宗教、宗教与民俗之间的学科跨越性的交织与交融,在诠释史上具有与众不同别具特色的诠释特征。第四章《封神演义》民俗诠释论。《封神演义》蕴含丰富的民俗内容,诠释者注意从不同的民俗方面进行解读。神话说的诠释者们立足神话学学科背景阐述了《封神演义》的神话内容与神话性质,解析了神话与文学、宗教、民俗彼此之间的关系。信仰民俗诠释解读了财神、东岳大帝、三霄娘娘等神祇祭奉与崇拜,在深层次上反映着人们对财富的心理需求,对生死的态度,对子嗣的盼望等民俗心理。语言禁忌、民俗语言、民俗风物等民俗展现了《封神演义》民俗书写的多样性,民俗在理解中的生动形象性。民俗作为一种复杂的文化现象,它是人们在长期的物质、精神生活实践中总结出来的具有相对稳定性的事项、习惯、活动,《封神演义》民俗诠释体现了民俗的世俗性、地域性等诠释特征。第五章《封神演义》人物形象诠释研究。《封神演义》塑造了成千上百个人物,这些人物被后世人们一代又一代地解读,大人物备受推崇,小人物极受青睐,以数多质优形式显现着他们的艺术魅力与生命力。妲己是《封神演义》中至关重要的角色,她影响着纣王的喜怒哀乐,决定着殷纣政治形势与人民的命运,是作家用力最勤花费笔墨最多的女性形象,引起后世人们的广泛关注与热烈讨论。人们对其态度毁誉不一褒贬不一,既有正反褒贬截然对立的女祸说、人权说,也有饱蘸悲悯之情的同情说,还有较为另类的的复仇说等,其形象在诠释的历史长河中呈现出复杂性与多重性来。哪吒是《封神演义》中刻画最丰满的英雄人物,他天真活泼,勇敢无畏,深受后世人们的欢迎与喜爱,影响遍及学术界、民间及传媒。人们对其诠释涉及原型演化来源、民俗信仰确立、形象性格分析等多方面因素,是《封神演义》众多人物群像中诠释篇章最多,诠释内容最饱满,诠释方式与媒介最全面的人物。其他人物如姜子牙、纣王、武王、杨戬等人,诠释者也以各自的诠释立场依凭独特的诠释理念与诠释方法对他们了做了多视角的解读,再现了《封神演义》人物风采,展现了《封神演义》人物贯纵古今的艺术魅力与影响力。结语：《封神演义》诠释研究对历来《封神演义》版本、政治、宗教、民俗、人物等方面做了学理与方法论上的诠释解读,总体看来,可以得出以下几点认识。第一对《封神演义》研究历史现状梳理,深化研究。第二,《封神演义》诠释研究立足宏观的诠释学视野。第三,《封神演义》诠释专题争议性选择。第四,涉及与《封神演义》相关领域的广阔。第五,《封神演义》研究资料有限,诠释研究空间有所局限。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hermeneutics as western criticism theory is introduced into China in the late 1970s, permeating gradually to various disciplines, in literature producing far-reaching influence. Literature than other disciplines and hermeneutics has high intensity Literary fiction attribute, literature image is not in consistency,that makes the thought of its text more fairly openness and meaning independence. The literature and culture connotation is rich in "FengShenYanYi ".Its artistic charm increasingly glows with the passage of time passed, also generate new values and effects. All versions of text styles, literature study, movies and game development filled with our vision. " FengShenYanYi "in history shows the meaning of openness, richness. Hermeneutics understanding is always different understanding of history, the effect of the understanding. "FengShenYanYi" understanding and Hermeneutics can have cohesion and coincide fusion.It has profound academic value and modern sight significance.The paper includes five chapters.The introduction,there are three parts,the theory of western hermeneutics, the ancient chinese novels hermeneutics and the significance of "FengShenYanYi" interpretations. "The theory of western hermeneutics" introduces development in west and spread to China on Chinese literature criticism.The ancient chinese novels hermeneutics is a part of literature, hermeneutics, "Hermeneutics of the ancient chinese novels "traces ancient chinese novel criticism in the field of ideology and interpretation cases."The significance of’FengShenYanYi’interpretation "can discuss the theoretical significance and practical value of hermeneutic research from "FengShenYanYi"The first chapter "The history of’FengShenYanYi’interpretations". With the advent of "FengShenYanYi", its understanding and interpretations of activities emerge in endlessly. According to the time clues,I divided into Ming, qing dynasty, (1912-1976), (1976-) four interpretations stages. In the Ming circles on the "FengShenYanYi " interpretations ZhongBo-jing criticism were given priority, involving the characters, King’s word and Moral enlightenment.In the Qing dynasty with the development of research, "FengShenYanYi "interpretations are relatively active. The Interpreters evaluated postively the fantasy artistic vision in "FengShenYanYi",had skill textual research in character, plot, and involved with political relationship. (1912-1976)the annotation studied forward, there are mainly the following several aspects:The first there was further identity on the "FengShenYanYi" artistic imagination. The second,it was continuation of qing dynasty textual research method under the influence of GuoGu trend such as the author, version,times aspect,.The third the themes of "FengShenYanYi" were discussed with the times. (1976-) FengShenYanYi interpretations trend the diversity of aesthetic to witness. The author, version problems have further comb and clarify, ideological content, the artistic style of study also gradually mature and move on to a new research mileage.Since the advent of "FengShenYanYi" in the Ming dynasty, various versions were shown. According to the text amount, content simplification and different cultural backgrounds,there are have original versions, picture versions, abbreviated versions, adapted versions versions, renewed versions, translated versions etc. These versions have complex forms and varied characteristics, and their value is in the changes of generating, highlight social times factors and the Interpreters’aesthetic orientations.The second chapter "political interpretations to’FengShenYanYi". The Interpreters understanded from different political perspectives based on age cloud, personal experiences.The political interpretations included democratic, revolutionary rebell thoughts, ethic politics etc.The political interpretations revealed the multi-meanings and richness in understanding, and analyzed the methods of political interpretations such as analogies subjective judgement, far-fetched interpretation, traditional and modern comprehensive interpretations were combined together. As an effective method, the criticism of political interpretations expressedthe historical era and the interpreters’ thought. Respecting history, respecting the objective reality, based on the understanding of the work is the bottom line of "FengShenYanYi" interpretations.The third chapter "FengShenYanYi" interpretations of religious philosophy, as Supernatural evil-spirit novels more outstanding is "FengShenYanYi "s philosophy of religion features. The Interpreters analyse destiny, ChanJiao JieJiao,sanjiao and sanjiao. Older scholars approve identity, Marxis insist on historical materialism thinking destiny superstitious, Humanists fudge destiny. "The destiny view and fatalism" interpretations to "FengShenYanYi " unceasingly enrich and develop, the academic inclusiveness were shown among them.The clues is the good ChanJiao and the evil JieJiao struggle in "FengShenYanYi". The interpreters explain the definition of ChaoJiaoand JieJiao, semantic extricated, traceability of the gain or loss, etc. reflecting the meaning of ChaoJiao and JieJiao from their position and horizons. The interpretations indicate interpreters’different thoughts, enrich "FengShenYanYi"religious understanding.Three religions in "FengShenYanYi " are mentioned by writers repeatedly.In a narrow and generalized sense,the interpreters grasp the dynamic change, expounds the three religions, understand the complexity of sanjiao relationship in sanjiao culture of history.There are the immediate reading way, theoretical depth and breadth of expression, politics,religion and folk crossed. "FengShenYanYi religious interpretations show extraordinary features.The fourth chapter "FengShenYanYi" folk interpretations.FengShenYanYi contain abundant folk content, annotation attention from different folk aspects approaches. The interpreters foothold mythological background discusses the content and nature of the myth in "FengShenYanYi " analyzing the relationship among the myth folk literature and religion. Belief folk interpretation explains mammon, dongyue emperor, three xiao empress etc adoration,reflecting people psychological needs in the depth of the riches, the attitude of life and death, the children’s hope. Language taboos, folk language,and folk customs showed the diversity in "FengShenYanYi" and the lifelikeness in understanding. The folk custom is a kind of complex cultural phenomenon, it is relative stability of matters, habits and activities in long-term both material and spiritual life practice. "FengShenYanYi" folk interpretations embody the folklore of secularization and regional characteristics.The fifth chapter "FengShenYanYi "character images interpretations FengShenYanYi "shaped hundreds characters, including prominent heroes that left a profound influence in literary hall. These figures were interpreted by later people generation after generation, highly respected. DaJi is the vital role in "FengShenYanYi".She decides the joys and sorrows of Yin king, effecting political situation and people’s destiny.She is the most female image.She caue later people’s extensive concern with a heated discussion. People differ in their attitudes, positive or negative, praise or blame.some people sayed she was female evil, some people thought she demand human rights, some people had the feeling of sympathy, even some people said DaJi wanted revenge. DaJi’s images in the interpretations of history show complexity.NaZha is the plumpest hero in "FengShenYanYi", he is innocent and lively, fearless and couraged, deeply loved, influencing in academia, folk and media. Its interpretations involves archetype source, folk beliefs establishment, image character analysis and other elements, is "FengShenYanYi" group of characters in the textual interpretation most, interpretation, the most full content way and media most comprehensive interpretation of the characters. The other characters such as the son tooth, zhou, Lawrence w., etc YangJian interpreter also with respective interpretations position of unique interpretation depending idea and the interpretation of them did Angle of reading, which represent a "FengShenYanYi" character elegant demeanour, showed the penetration of ancient character FengShenYanYi longitudinal the artistic charm and influence.Epilogue:"FengShenYanYi" interpretations have version, politics, religion, folk, characters in theory and methodology of interpretation, generally speaking, reading can reach the following some understandings. First, for the research of historical situation FengShenYanYi comb, deepening research. Second, the FengShenYanYi "interpretation research based on macro hermeneutic perspective. Third, the FengShenYanYi "interpretation project controversial choice. Fourth, involved with FengShenYanYi "related field is wide. Fifth, the research of FengShenYanYi limited data, annotation research space been limited.更多还原