【作者】 咸晓婷；

【导师】 胡可先；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 中唐古文运动是一场集师道运动、儒学变革和文体革新三位一体的文化运动。韩愈最早使用“古文”一词,古文运动也以韩愈、柳宗元的成就为最高,而追源溯流,却并不以中唐为限。古文运动的主体有萧颖士、李华、独孤及、梁肃、权德舆、韩愈、李翱、柳宗元等人,他们同时也是中唐儒学变革的主体,又是中唐师道运动的主体。本文在文学史、思想史的交叉视角下,探讨中唐古文运动的发生、发展与嬗递情况,主要包含六个方面的内容：第一,早期古文运动的发生与演变。开元天宝年间,唐玄宗大举崇古兴礼,萧颖士、李华、贾至等人受时代风气的影响倡导文章复古,欲以自身的创作发扬三代两汉之王道,这是古文运动发生的最初背景。安史之乱以后,古文运动的内在理路发生嬗递,其变化的重要标志是文道关系的提出。而之所以发生这一变化,是由于安史之乱的时代巨变下儒学自礼乐而道德的转向。第二,中唐儒道内涵的演进。儒学自礼乐转向道德之后,贞元元和年间,受佛教思想的影响,进一步向心性论方向拓展。权德舆以佛教思想附会儒典,李翱进一步建立了儒学心性论。而韩愈以仁义为核心,树立了自己系统的道统体系,他的性三品论虽不能与佛教心性论相抗衡,但却代表着中唐时期儒学另一路向的选择,在汉学至宋学的发展史上,同样具有开拓之功。第三,韩愈文化群的形成及其要素特征。韩愈继承古文先驱萧颖士、李华、独孤及等人重建师承传统的努力,指引后进,吸引了一大批年轻士子如李翱、皇甫湜等,形成了一个具有特殊思想倾向的文化群体。在政治上,他们排佛老、反藩镇、倡民本。在文学上,韩愈将儒学道德落实于人格修养,真正实现了文道合一和文体的创革,这是他古文创作成功的关键所在。第四,刘、柳、元、白与古文运动。元和、长庆年间,致力于古文运动的并不限于韩愈一派,柳宗元、刘禹锡、元稹、白居易等人也是古文运动重要代表人物。柳宗元的山水游记、寓言,元、白的制诰改革在文体发展史上同样具有重要意义。第五,古文运动与骈文发展关系。中唐古文家并没有单纯地反对骈文,而是反对不顾文章内容一味地追求文章的形式,古文家对文体本身的态度实际上是不拘骈散的。不过,古文家提倡文以明道、转变文章功能的努力以及不拘骈散的创作态度,仍然在某种程度上改变了中唐以后骈、散体创作的格局。第六,中唐古文家的史学实践与史学思想。萧颖士、柳冕、韩愈、李翱等中唐古文家大多都曾参任史职,他们以史学经世致用,重道德褒贬,体现出难能可的实录精神,这与他们提倡古文、变革儒学的内在精神是一致的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ancient prose movement of mid-tang Dynasty is a cultural movement of teachers’ professional moral, confucian innovation and ancient prose movement. Han Yu used the word "ancient prose" first. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan were the leaders of ancient prose movement, but the ancient prose movement is not limited to mid-tang Dynasty. Xiao Yingshi, Li Hua, Dugu Ji, Liang Su, Quan Deyu, Han Yu, Li Ao, and Liu Zongyuan are the subject of ancient prose movement, the subject of confucian innovation, and the subject of teachers’professional moral movement. This paper studies on ancient prose movement of Mid-Tang Dynasty under the view of literature and the view of idea, and includes six contents.First, the genesis and evolution of ancient prose movement in early stage. In Kaiyuan and Tianbao Period, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang revivaled the ancient courtesy and music. under the influence of this time ethos, Xiao Yingshi, Li Hua, Jia Zhi and other authors advocated the ancient prose. This is the historic background of ancient prose movement. After an-shi rebellion, the ancient prose movement changed. Ancient prose writers put forward relating the literature and the moral. This is due to confucianism turning from courtesy and music to moral after an-shi rebellion.Second, the connotation of the confucianism in mid-tang dynasty. After the confucianism turning from courtesy and music to moral, it expanded on temperament theory under the effect of the Buddhism in Zhenyuan and Yuanhe period. Quan Deyu added buddhist thought to the confucianism classics. Li Ao established the temperament theory of the confucianism. Han Yu established his own theory of confucian orthodoxy. Han Yu considered that humanity has three types. This theory can’t contend with the Buddhism’s temperament theory, but it still has great significance in the learning history from Han Dynasty to Song Dynasty.Third, the formation of Han Yu cultural origin and it’s characteristics. After Xiao Yingshi, li Hua, Dugu Ji and other authors, Han Yu guided young people, such as Li Ao, Huangfu Shi and other. They constituted a special cultural origin. In the sphere, they againsted the Buddhism, opposed the military commissioners, and advocatedpeople-oriented. In literature, Han Yu infiltrate confucianist moral to personality training, and then he connected the the literature with the moral successfully.Fourth, the relationgship between Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi and the ancient prose movement. Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi also are the important representative of the ancient prose movement, for Liu Zongyuan’s travel notes and fables and for Yuan Zhen’s reforming official document.Fifth, the relationship between the ancient prose movement and the parallel prose. The ancient prose writers did not exclude the parallel prose. They only objected the article without content. The ancient prose writers composed the ancient prose also the parallel prose. But, The ancient prose writers advocated connecting the literature with the moral and composed the ancient prose as well and the parallel prose, so that they changed the pattern of the ancient prose and the parallel prose in mid-tang dynasty to a certain extent.Sixth, the historical practice and the historical thought of the ancient prose writers in mid-tang dynasty. Xiao Yingshi, Liu Mian, Han Yu, Li Ao and other ancient prose writers were mostly historiographer.They practiced the historiography in public affairs, evaluated people with the moral, and had the worshipful spirit of the history. This was consistent with their advocating ancient prose and reforming confucianism.更多还原