【作者】 龚娜；

【导师】 罗昕如；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 客观世界存在程度差异,反映客观世界的语言必须有相应的形式来表现它,因此形成了一个非常重要的语言范畴——程度范畴。本文在“语义语法理论”指导下,从“程度”这一语义范畴入手,考察程度在湘方言中的不同表现形式,探讨各种不同形式的语义特征与语用价值,同时结合认知理论、标记理论等进行一些较为合理的解释。全文除绪论和结语以外,共分为8章：绪论部分简要介绍湘方言程度范畴研究概况,本文研究的内容与意义、运用的方法与理论,以及调查布点、材料来源、发音合作人简况等。第一章主要对程度范畴基本概念进行界定,同时总结现代汉语程度范畴的语义内涵、构成要素、系统分类以及表现形式等,并以现代汉语程度范畴为参照对象,全面构建湘方言程度范畴形式系统。本文从第二章到第六章选择湘方言程度范畴比较有特色的几种具体形式进行微观描述。第二章讨论湘方言中表程度的“XA”式状态形容词,详细列出6个湘方言点“XA”式状态形容词表,并从结构形式、语义特征、语法功能以及语用效果等方面对“XA”式进行分析研究,同时还将湘方言与其他汉语方言的“XA”式从数量、变式、语法功能等角度进行比较与探讨。第三章讨论湘方言中表程度的重叠形式,主要从结构类型、语义特征、语法功能和语用认知因素等方面对湘方言表程度的重叠形式进行分析和研究。第四章讨论湘方言中的程度状语,程度状语包括程度副词、表程代词和语气副词等,其中以程度副词为主。因此本章主要探讨湘方言程度副词的性质与分类、“程度副词+程度心语”的句法分析、程度副词与其他程度表达形式共现的制约机制等问题,并选择湘方言几组有特色的程度副词进行个案分析。第五章讨论湘方言中的程度补语,首先讨论程度补语的界定标准、语义特征、语用效果等问题,然后分别论述湘方言的组合式述程短语与粘合式述程短语,并将组合式与粘合式、程度状语和程度补语从形式、语义、语用等几个角度进行比较研究。第六章讨论湘方言中的程度否定现象,比较分析湘方言“否定词+程度词+V”与“程度词+否定词+V”两种语序的不同表现,以及与普通话的异同,并对湘方言表达强程度否定的“连不”结构、“前世(不)”结构、“崽……”结构和“V不得的苦/V不得个苦”结构等特殊程度否定形式进行研究,最后总结湘方言肯定与否定的对称与不对称、形式与意义的扭曲等现象。第七章讨论湘方言程度范畴对语法、语用的制约和影响,主要从组配成分的选择性、语法结构的规约性、语法功能的完句性等几个方面考察了湘方言程度范畴对语法的制约,并从语气表达、句子感情色彩以及信息传递等角度分析湘方言程度范畴对语用的影响。第八章总结了湘方言程度范畴既具有现代汉语程度范畴的共性,也具有鲜明的个性特征。其中共性特征主要有：一是量性特征,包括主观量与相对量、模糊量与等级量、离散量与连续统；二是语义范畴的不对称性,包括强与弱的不对称、隐比与显比的不对称、肯定与否定的不对称。个性特征包括：一是湘方言内部较为一致的特性,如多使用“XA”式、贬义程度补语和“连不”结构等；二是湘方言内部的差异性,包括地域分布的不平衡性和演变发展的不平衡性。结语部分对全文主要内容和创新之处进行总结,并提出湘方言程度范畴有待进一步研究的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Differences in degree do exist in the objective world, so language, the tool to reflect the objective world, must have a correspondent form to describe them. Thus, degree category, one of most important categories in language, comes into being.Enlightened by semantic grammar theory, this dissertation sorts out different forms in Xiang dialect to describe degree, lists their semantic features and explores their pragmatic values, supplemented by reasonable explanations based on cognitive theories and markedness theory.In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is constituted by 8 chapters:Introduction makes a research review of studies on degree category in Xiang dialect and a brief introduction to the dissertation’s contents and significance, the methods employed and the theories adopted, and such investigation information as areas selected, material resources, and information of interviewers for pronunciation data.Chapter 1 defines the notion of degree category, summarizes its semantic connotation, components, classification and forms in modern Chinese, and constructs a form system of degree category in Xiang dialect with degree category in modern Chinese as the referent.Chapters 2-6 make a microscopic description of several significant forms of degree category in Xiang dialect.Chapter 2 discusses "XA-pattern" descriptive adjectives. It makes a list of "XA-pattern" descriptive adjectives in 6 representative areas in Xiang dialect, an analysis of their structure forms, semantic features, grammatical functions and pragmatic effects, and a comparison of "XA-pattern" adjectives in Xiang dialect and those in other Chinese dialects from such aspects as totals, varieties and grammatical functions.Chapters 3 probes into degree reduplication in Xiang dialect, mainly from its structure patterns, semantic features, grammatical functions, and pragmatic and cognitive factors.Chapter 4 investigates degree adverbials in Xiang dialect:feature analysis and classification, syntax analysis of "degree adverb+ headword", restriction on co-occurrence of degree adverbs and other forms to show degree, and a case study of groups of characteristic degree adverbs in Xiang dialect.Chapter 5 focuses on degree complement in Xiang dialect:firstly on its definition criteria, its semantic features and its pragmatic effects; secondly on marked degree complement and unmarked degree complement; and then on comparison both of marked and unmarked degree complement and of degree adverbials and degree complement in forms, semantic meanings and pragmatic functions.Chapter 6 researches degree negation in Xiang dialect. It makes a comparative analysis of "negative term + degree term + V" and "degree term+negative term+V" and of degree negation in Xiang dialect and that in mandarin Chinese. It further investigates high-degree negation patterns,such as "lian(连)bu(不)" structure" Qianshi(前世)(bu)(不)"structure, "Zai(崽)……”structure and"V bu(不)de(得)de(的)ku(苦)/V bu(不)de(得)ke(个)ku(苦)" structure and so on. It also probes into symmetry and asymmetry in affirmation and negation in Xiang dialect and form-meaning asymmetry.Chapter 7 analyses the restriction of degree category on grammar mainly from selection of components, regularity of grammatical structures and completeness of grammatical function, and the effect of it on pragmatic functions from intonations, attitudes and information transfer.Chapter 8 summarizes that degree category in Xiang dialect not only shares such generalities with degree category in mandarin Chinese as capacity, including subjectivity capacity and relativity capacity, vagueness capacity and rank capacity, and discretion capacity and continuum, and asymmetry of semantic category, including asymmetry of strength and weakness, asymmetry of implicit comparison and explicit comparison and asymmetry of affirmation and negation, but also boasts its distinctiveness in high frequency of "XA-patter", derogative degree complement and "lian(连)bu(不)"structure and in imbalance both in regional distribution and in development.Conclusion makes a condensation of the main contents of the whole dissertation. It also points out its originality as well as its weakness for further improvement.更多还原