【作者】 赵学钦；

【导师】 杨树锋； 陈汉林； 章凤奇；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 构造地质学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 黑龙江东部盆地群的中新生代不同时期的盆地原型与盆地构造演化成为当前制约黑龙江东部盆地群油气勘探的关键性基础地质问题。本文通过详细的野外地质调查,结合对盆地区的钻井、测井和地震等地质资料的综合分析,深入开展盆地的沉积充填和构造变形特征等研究,提取各盆地的构造演化信息,划分了盆地的构造演化阶段,构建了区域地震-地质构造大剖面,恢复了盆地构造演化史,分析了盆地的原型性质与时空演化规律,进而探讨了盆地成盆演化的动力学背景。主要取得如下几个方面的认识：1、黑龙江东部盆地群中新生界可以识别出四个重要的区域性不整合面,分别为中侏罗统/前侏罗系、下白垩统/上侏罗统、上白垩统/下白垩统、古近系/白垩系。由此,黑龙江东部盆地群中新生界划分出四个主要的构造层,即中上侏罗统构造层,下白垩统构造层,上白垩统构造层,新生界构造层。2、黑龙江东部盆地群中新生代先后经历了四期成盆和四期改造；四期成盆包括中晚侏罗世断陷+拗陷、早白垩世断陷+大型拗陷、晚白垩世局部拗陷、新生代断陷+拗陷；四期改造包括晚侏罗世末、早白垩世晚期、晚白垩世末等三期强烈挤压改造和新生代期间弱挤压-伸展变形改造。提出挤压构造样式是白垩纪残留盆地中最为常见和主要的构造样式。3、认为城子河组和穆棱组沉积时期,黑龙江东部盆地群为统一的拗陷盆地。黑龙江东部盆地群在滴道组沉积时期主要表现为数个相互孤立的断陷盆地发育阶段；城子河组沉积时期,盆地由断陷阶段进入拗陷阶段,早白垩世统一湖盆开始形成；至穆棱组时期,拗陷范围进一步扩大,统一湖盆范围达到最大；东山组时期,进入火山作用活跃期,盆地以火山碎屑沉积为主。东山组沉积末期,盆地遭受挤压变形,早白垩世统一湖盆开始被破坏。4、白垩纪末挤压改造事件是黑龙江东部盆地最主要的改造事件。早白垩世末,盆地遭受白垩纪成盆以来的第一次挤压作用,盆地及周缘发生区域抬升,盆地大面积萎缩；晚白垩世早中期,盆地进入一次范围较小的拗陷盆地发育阶段,局部坳陷区沉积了猴石沟组和海浪组,而三江盆地东部沉积海浪组和燕窝组；之后盆地进入白垩纪末强烈挤压阶段,盆地整体抬升,广泛遭受强烈剥蚀,现今的孤立盆地开始形成。5、黑龙江东部盆地群的中新生代演化是西太平洋板块与欧亚大陆板块相互作用的岩石圈浅部响应,太平洋板块俯冲引起的局部地幔对流和弧后扩张是黑龙江东部盆地群发育的主要动力。本文研究对黑龙江东部盆地群成盆与改造过程有了更深入的认识,对研究区油气勘探评价具有十分积极的现实意义,同时对认识东北亚中新生代区域地质演化也具有重要的地质理论价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nature of prototype of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in eastern Heilongjiang and their tectonic eovlution have become some critical basal geological questions, which may in turn restrict further hydrocarbon exploration in this area. This paper is conducted the study on characteristic of filling and defromation, structural evolution of the basin groups in the eastern Heilongjiang based on the comprehensive analysis on geological data obtained from field geological survey, and exploration data including drilling, logging, seismic data collected from Daqing oil-field. Evolutinary stages of each basin have been divided and the evolutionary histories also have been restored. Finally, the nature of basin prototype and their geodynamic setting were discussed. Some conclutions can been drawn as follows:1, Four important regional unconformities can be identified from the Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in the eastern Heilongjiang:Middle Jurassic/Pre Jurassic, Upper Cretaceous/Lower Cretaceous, and Paleogene/Cretaceous. Then four main tectonic layers can be divided according to these four unconformities:Middle-Upper Jurassic structural layer, Lover Cretaceous structural layer, Upper Cretaceous structural layer, Cenozoic structural layer.2, Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of eastern Heilongjiang have experienced four major stages: Middle-Later Jurassic rift-depression, Early Cretaceous rift-depression, Later Cretaceous local depression, and Paleogene rift-Neogene depression. The basins have suffered three stages strong compression transformations during the end of Later Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, Later Cretaceous, and weak compression-extension during Cenozoic. compressional structure is the most common and the main structural style in Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins of northeastern Heilongjiang.3, During the deposition stage of the Didao Formation, the eastern Heilongjiang was characterized by rifting and formed some isolated faulted-depressions. A huge sag developed in this region during the sedimetation of the Chengzihe and Muling Formations. at the end of early Cretaceous (after deposition stage of Mulin Formation), bimodal volcanism occurred and the volcanics formed the major of the Dongshan Formation. 4,The compression transformation event during Later Cretaceous is mainly transformation event of basins in eastern Heilongjiang. The end of Early Cretaceous, all the basins were suffered the first compression deformation, uplifting and erosion during the early of Later Cretaceous, a little depressin developed along some small mountains, formed the Houshigou and Hailiang Formations, At the same time, the east of the Sanjiang basin was deposited by Qixinghe and Yanwo Formations. Finally, a strong compression phase resumed and all the basins were destroyed again and formed some isolated residue basins untill now.5, The tectonic evolution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in the eastern Heilongjiang is the shallow response of lithosphere for the interaction between Western Pacific and the Eurasian continental plates. Local mantle convection and back-arc extension in eastern Heilongjiang during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic is the main dynamic model, which may result from the subduction of Pacific Plate along Eurasian continental margin.This study is helpful in understanding the basin-forming and transformation of basin in eastern Heilongjiang basin and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic regional geological evolution in Northeast Asia.更多还原