汉语并列式双音时间副词的词汇化及相关问题研究

【作者】 陈全静；

【导师】 陈昌来；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本文对汉语并列式双音时间副词的形成和演变进行较为系统、全面的描写,在此基础上总结归纳出并列式双音时间副词的成词条件、判断标准、来源、成词途径、形成特点和规律,并依托词汇化、语法化及认知语言学的相关理论对并列式双音时间副词的形成动因和机制做出相应的分析和解释。研究方法上,共时与历时相结合,对现代汉语中一些意义相近的并列式时间副词从句法、语义、语用上进行辨析,并寻求历时的探源和解释。全文共分六章。第一章绪论。对并列式复合词的研究现状进行全面的介绍和总结,提出本文的研究思路和方法,介绍研究所依托的理论背景,确立研究对象。第二章和第三章主要研究同义并列式双音时间副词。第二章对“永远”、“姑且、暂且、权且”、“立即、旋即、迅即”、“急忙、赶忙”、“业已、业经”、“方才、方始”、“行将、将要、快要”七组词进行个案研究。详细描写这些词构词语素的语义演变历程,对比分析同素逆序词的竞争及语义相近词语在语义、使用上的差异,揭示促动构词语素语义发展的主要因素。第三章对“起初、起先”、“随即”、“时常、经常”、“间或、偶或”的形成和演变进行详细描写,探讨“起先、起初”的归属,并对“随即”与“随后”、“时常”与“经常”进行辨析,追溯其差异存在的原因。第四章主要研究类义并列式双音时间副词。本章详细描写“一再”和“再三”由并列短语到词的过程,并对现代汉语中二者使用上的区别从历时角度进行探源和解释。同时分析名词“时刻”的形成及其向副词虚化的历程和动因。第五章主要研究反义并列式双音时间副词。本章对“始终”、“先后”、“早晚”、“迟早”四个词从并列短语词汇化的过程及发展进行详细的分析,揭示诱发其词化的认知机制,简单探讨同素逆序词的竞争及其规律。第六章理论总结。在二至五章具体个案分析的基础上,总结出并列式双音时间副词成词的条件,提出本文判断成词的标准,区别同义并列与类义、反义并列不同的来源和成词途径,并从词性、语义、词序、词化等级四个方面分析和探讨并列式双音时间副词形成和演变的特点规律,对其形成的动因机制从多角度进行剖析和阐释。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper does systematic and overall description on the evolving of double syllable coordinate time adverbs. On this basis, this paper inducts and concluds the conditions, judging standards, resources, approaches, characteristics and rules of the formation. According to the theories of lexicalization, grammaticalization and cognitive linguistics analyzes and explains the motivation and mechanism of the formation of the double syllable coordinate time adverbs. At the same time, with synchronic and diachronic approaches, the paper makes syntactical and semantic different analysis on the double syllable coordinate time adverbs, and seeks for the diachronic origin exploring and explanations. This paper has six chapters.Chapter one the introduction does overall introduction and summarization of the studies on double syllable coordinate compounds, then raises the study methods, introduces the theories that this paper based on, and identifies the study objects.Chapter two and Chapter three studies the synonymous double syllable coordinate time adverbs. Chapter two makes case studies on the 7 groups of words“yongyuan(永远)”、“guqie(姑且)、zanqie(暂且)、quanqie(权且)”、“liji(立即)、xuanji(旋即)、xunji(迅即)”、“jimang(急忙)、ganmang(赶忙)”、“yeyi(业已)、yejing(业经)”、“fangcai(方才)、fangshi(方始)、“xingjiang(行将)、jiangyao(将要)、kuaiyao(快要)”. chapter two and chapter three describe the lexical formation morphemes’semantic evolving process, constructively analyze the competition of inverse morphemes words and the differences between semantic similar words on semantic and usage.Chapter three describes the formation and evolution of“qichu(起初)、qixian(起先)”、“suij(i随即)”、“shichang(时常)、jingchang(经常)”、 “jianhuo(间或)、ouhuo(偶或)”in detail. It also discusses the attribution of“qixian(起先)、qichu(起初)”,makes different analysis on“suiji(随即)”and“suihou(随后)”、“shichang(时常)”and“jingchang(经常)”,tracing back the reasons of the differences.Chapter four focuses on the category double syllable coordinate time adverbs. It describes the evolving process from coordinate phrase to word of“yizai(一再)”and“zaisan(再三)”in detail, and makes diachronic origin exploring and explanations on the two words’using difference in modern Chinese. Chapter four also analyzes the formation of the noun“shike(时刻)”and the motivation and process of its adverbalization.Chapter five studies the antonymic double syllable coordinate time adverbs. It makes detailed descriptions on the process and development of the lexical formation of“shizhong(始终)”、“xianhou(先后)”、“zaowan(早晚)”、“chizao(迟早)”the four words, reveals the cognition mechanism that inducing its lexical formation, and discusses the competition and rules of the inverse morphemes words.Chapter six is the conclusion. Based on the case studies from chapter two to five, it concluds the formation conditions of the double syllable coordinate time adverbs, raises this paper’s judging standards, and differentiates sources and formation approaches of the synonymous, category and antonymic double syllable coordinate time adverbs. It analyzes the characteristics and rules of the formation and evolution of the double syllable coordinate time adverbs in terms of part of speech, semantic, word order, lexicalization grade, makes multi dimensional analysis and explanations on the motivation mechanism of the formation.更多还原