海洋争端的类型化研究

【作者】 王倩；

【导师】 吴楚克；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 海洋是国民经济和社会发展的重要空问与资源基地,也是国家安全防御的前沿阵地,又是国际政治、经济、军事及外交事务的舞台,关系着国家的根本利益。根据《联合国海洋法公约》的规定,相关缔约国必须在2009年5月13日之前,向联合国大陆架界限委员会提交外大陆架划界方案,否则有关这方面的要求就不会得到承认。而中国海洋国土有近半存在争议,受此影响,中国的海上安全问题也更加复杂。随着国际海洋竞争的白热化,陆地资源的减少及人口不断的增加,突显海洋资源的战略价值越来越重要,各国为了国家长远的生存与发展,无不积极制定海洋战略,以维护自己的海洋权益。本文的问题意识或者创新之处就在于试图建立一种科学的研究方法——“类型建构”。首先,本文认为,世界上的海洋法律争议层出不穷,形态万千,例如法律上的行为、动机、因果关系、不同的法律形态之描述和概括等等,要完全把它们囊括入几个抽象的法律概念,这是一种学术神话,故传统抽象化的方法实在力不能逮。再者,海洋法律争议事实层出不穷,且随时代的发展变动不居,要完全对之进行条分缕析地具体化研究也不可能,更无必要,也有违法律规范化的本质。因此,为更好地指导我国海洋法的理论和实践,达到确实维护我国海洋权益的目的,本文认为,我们现在有必要对上述两种问题进行重新整合和归位,这也正是本文所力图阐明的“类型”的方法论意蕴所在。综上所述,本研究的目的是在于厘清《联合国海洋法公约》有关主权、管辖权、海洋权利和海洋权益等多个概念,针对不同类型的争端提供不同的解决路径,为解决诸如划界、岛屿主权归属等海洋争端问题提供一种新的角度。与此同时,以《联合国海洋法公约》为主要依据,详尽介绍各类型化争端的内容,并结合中国海洋法实践中的现状预测未来中国海洋政策、海洋法制发展的新方向。除此之外。本文也希望能引起更多的研究者,甚至政府重视海洋权益争端即将面临的危机与挑战,重新思考我国现行的海洋政策,并投入更多的研究,以提供解决之策。本论文依上述研究目的,依次如下铺陈论述：第一章绪论说明本论文的研究目的、研究现状、研究框架与研究方法。第二章《联合国海洋法公约》中海洋权益争端类型化研究概述重点分析类型化研究在海洋法中的运用。本章通过把《联合国海洋法公约》中有关主权、管辖权、海洋权益、海洋权利做一类型化探讨。同时回顾了海洋法制定的发展历史以及《联合国海洋法公约》的编纂经过,以期对海洋法各项权利规定有较为宏观和完整的概念。第三章主权类型争端本章主要说明主权的演变和国际法的发展,并列出《联合国海洋法公约》内水、领海、岛屿制度来说明海洋法中的主权问题,指出《联合国海洋法公约》在岛屿主权界定的缺失,通过中国、越南南海岛礁争端的具体案例做出回应。第四章管辖权类型争端本章共列出毗连区、专属经济区、大陆架等内容,来说明海洋法中管辖权的问题,并讨论《联合国海洋法公约》中对各该海域所作的规定作整理、归纳、分析比较,获得该海域中与管辖权有关的规定,从而达到廓清基本的概念,以便于在讨论各种海域管辖权时有更明晰的界定。第五章海洋权益类型争端——以中国为中心本章通过对中国海洋权利和海洋利益的梳理,特别是重点介绍和分析了海洋利益的类型和意涵。同时指出了当前中国海洋权益在东海、南海和黄海所面临的现实海洋利益问题,这是对海洋权益争端类型化分析的递进,并初步探讨了和平解决相关利益争端的途径。举出南中国海“无瑕号”事件、中日“冲之鸟礁”争议案例,通过前几章的分析理论成果,来说明这些案例与《联合国海洋法公约》中各权利归属有关的问题,为我国今后解决相关海洋争端的实践,提供一定的路径参考。第六章结论针对以上各章节对《联合国海洋法公约》有关权利类型问题的研究,提出问题与看法,并对海洋争端的解决机制提出建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ocean is an important economic and social development space and resource base.Not only it is the forefront of national security and defense, but also the international political, economic, military and diplomatic affairs area.And it is in relation to the national interests. According to United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea requires that all parties must be prior to submission to the United Nations Commission on Limits of Continental Shelf delimitation of continental shelf on May 13,2009, otherwise, the relevant requirements will not be recognized. And nearly half of China’s maritime territory disputed, hence,China’s maritime security issues will affected more complex. With the intense competition to the international marine, land resources reduction and continuous increase in population, highlighted the strategic value of marine resources are more and more important. In order to long-term national interests of national survival and development, all country are all active in the development of marine strategies, put more resources to maintain their blue territory.This article trying to establish a scientific research methods-"type construction." First, we believe that the world’s oceans have many legal dispute such as legal actions, motivation, causality, different legal forms of description and summary, etc., to fully include them into a few abstract legal concepts this is a kind of academic myths, so the traditional method of abstraction cannot catch, Moreover, ocean law dispute emerged endlessly, and with the development of the Times, no disposition to be completely on the specific studies carried out, not necessary, but also contrary to the nature of legal standardization.In order to better guide the theory and practice of law of the sea,really protect our Marine rights, this paper argues that we must integrated two problems, this is the paper tries to clarify the meaning of" type".Above all, the purpose of this study is to clarify several concepts of the United Nations convention on sovereignty, jurisdiction, marine rights and maritime rights and interests, in view of different types of disputes provide different paths to solve, in order to solve such as delimitation, islands sovereignty ownership of marine disputes provide a new perspective; At the same time, the paper detailed descriptions of the contents of the various types of disputes under the "United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea" as the main basis, combined with the practice of the Chinese Law of the Sea to predict the future development of ocean policy in China, a new direction for the development of marine law. Besides,The paper also hope to be able to cause more scholars and government pay attention to Marine rights disputes, to rethink our current ocean policies and invest more research to provide solutions to the policy. The paper in accordance with the above objectives, followed by elaborate exposition:Chapter I:IntroductionResearch purposes, research status, framework and research method.Chapter II:Overview of the type about maritime rights and interests under The United Nations Convention on Law of the SeaFocuses on analyzing the application research on type construction of law of the sea. The chapter make a type of marine study of sovereignty, jurisdiction, maritime rights and interests under the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea. Also reviewed the history development of the law of the sea and the "United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea", in order to understandings of the rights on macro and complete concept.Chapter III:Sovereignty disputeThe chapter shows the evolution of sovereignty and the development of international law, and lists the internal waters, territorial sea, the island under the "United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea",in order to illustrate the sovereignty, stating that the drawback of the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea", through the specific case of the South China Sea Islands and respond to the dispute.Chapter IV:Jurisdictional disputeThe chapter lists a total of contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone, continental shelf, etc., to illustrate the law of the sea in the jurisdiction, and discuss every area under the "United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea" of the provisions made for finishing, induction, analysis and comparison, access to the basic concepts of the waters and jurisdiction of the relevant provisions,so as to achieve clearance to discuss the various waters in the jurisdiction.Chapter V:Maritime righe and interests disputes-on perspective of ChinaThis chapter analysed on marine rights and interests of china, in particular, highlights the type and meaning of maritime interests; also pointed out problem that the current interest in the East China Sea, South China Sea and Yellow Sea marine interests in reality, futher on analysed dispute, in order to explore the peaceful settlement of disputes. Through the development path of China’s Law of the Sea of sorting out, that type of study in the importance of settlement maritime disputes. Cite the case about "Impeccable" at the south China sea, the sino-japanese "chong-zhi-niao reef disputes, through the analysis of the preceding chapters theoretical achievements, to illustrate how to solve these Marine dispute under the United Nations convention for our country in the future.Chapter VI:ConclusionsFor the above section,the paper on the right types of "United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea, ask questions and advise the mechanism of dispute settlement.更多还原