藻敏瑶语语音研究

【作者】 龙国贻；

【导师】 覃小航；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 藻敏瑶语是瑶语中最小的方言,也是瑶语研究中最薄弱的环节,本论文在传统调查描写方法的基础上,采用了田野调查新技术和实验语音的新手段,对藻敏瑶语做出共时层面的语音描写,同时采用历史层次分析法对藻敏瑶语汉借词的历史层次做了详细分析,并结合历史比较法和内部拟测法求出藻敏瑶语的音变规律。本论文共有四章,第一章为绪论,第二、三章为共时研究,第四章为历时研究。第一章绪论交代了藻敏瑶人的人口和分布、藻敏瑶人的历史及习俗、藻敏瑶人生物学特征、藻敏瑶语的系属和分类、藻敏瑶语的语音特征及其内部土语分类、前人在藻敏瑶语方面的研究成果、本论文的材料来源、实验设备、研究软件、发音人信息、写作方法和技术路线等。共时研究包括了各土语点的音系和藻敏瑶语语音特点。第二章对六个藻敏瑶语土语点(油岭、大坪、盘石、军寮、南岗、莽山)的音系加以描写,整理出各点的声母表、韵母表、声调表、声韵配合关系表和代表点油岭瑶语的音节类型表。第三章对藻敏瑶语的语音特点做了详细的分析,第一节画出了藻敏瑶语的元音声学图,第二节画出了藻敏瑶语的声调曲线图,第三节通过鼻流实验、Matlab语音信号分析、EGG实验、语图分析的方法证实了藻敏瑶语中有清鼻音,第四节通过语图分析和口压实验证实了藻敏瑶语有内爆音,第五节通过语图分析和腭位实验分析了藻敏瑶语j-声母的四个变体(近音、擦音、闪音和内爆塞擦音),其中龈腭闪音国际音标表暂时空缺,龈腭塞擦内爆音较为特殊,只见于海盐话的报道,第六节切分了藻敏瑶语的语素,求出藻敏瑶语40多条连读变调规则,并由此得出3条藻敏瑶语变调规律。第四章以代表点油岭瑶语为例,划分了藻敏瑶语汉借词的历史层次,并结合历史比较和内部拟测求出藻敏瑶语的四条音变规律。该章引言部分交代了什么是历史层次、怎样划分历史层次和区分主体层次和非主体层次、如何确定主体层次的借入时期和借源。第一节讨论了油岭瑶语声母的历史层次,包括声母主体层次、非主体层次(现代官话层、前中古层、广东粤语层)。第二节分析了油岭瑶语韵母的主体层次,包括韵母主体层次、非主体层次(现代官话层、华南方言层),此外,还专门讨论油岭瑶语汉借词非主体层次中的上古层,第三节得出了藻敏瑶语声调的历史层次。第四节介绍藻敏瑶语的历史音变,讨论了该节的基本方法论,即通过历史比较法构拟得出的古音结合自然音变通则得出几条可能的音变链,再用主体层次的读音确定藻敏瑶语的真实音变；讨论古瑶语的浊阻音清化现象；讨论音变(?)(?)>(?)(?)；讨论音变i：(?)>ia(?)；通过结合内部拟测法和历史比较法推测藻敏瑶语的内爆音来自古苗瑶语的鼻冠音。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Zaomin Yao is not only the smallest dialect but also the most incomprehensive studied in Yao. This study is a comprehensive study on the sound system of Zaomin Yao including the synchronic description of the phonological system and the diachronic analysis of sound developments. As for the synchronic description, new fieldwork technological methods, and some methods of experimental phonetics have been employed in this research. As for the diachronic analysis, I analysis the sound strata of the Chinese loanwords in Zaomin Yao through the analytical methodology of historical strata, and discuss sound changes of Zaomin Yao using the Comparative Methods and the Methods of Internal Reconstruction.There are four chapters in this study. Chapter one is the general introduction, Chapter two and Chapter three the synchronic analysis, and Chapter three the diachronic discussion.Chapter One presents the general information about the location, population, history, culture, biological nature of the Zaomin Yao, the classification and subgrouping of the language, the characteristics of the language, an overview of previous studies, and a brief discussion of the research methods, and databases employed in the study. Chapter Two and Chapter three are the synchronic analysis of Zaomin Yao, which addresses sound systems of various sub-dialects of Zaomin Yao and the characteristics of the sound system in Zaomin Yao. Chapter Two is the description of the phonological systems of the six sub-dialects (Youling, Daping, Panshi, Junliao, Nangang and Mangshan) of Zaomin Yao. Chapter three is the phonetic analysis on Zaomin Yao, including:3.1 an acoustic formant chart for vowels,3.2 the chart for tonal contour, using acoustic information,3.3 aerodynamic investigation, and EGG analysis to verifying the existing voiceless nasals in Zaomin Yao,3.4 using acoustic analysis, and aerodynamic investigation to verifying the existing implosives in Zaomin Yao,3.5 an analysis of four phonetic variability (approximant, fricative, flap and implosive) of j-initial through acoustic and static palatographical analysis,3.6 various tone sandhi rules in Zaomin Yao.Chapter Four is the diachronic discussion of sound changes and the classification of the Chinese loanwords in Zaomin Yao based on the Youling Yao, and addresses four rules of sound changes in Zaomin Yao. In the introduction of this chapter some important issues in the analytical methodology of historical strata are discussed, such as the definition of the sound strata, the way to differentiate sound strata, the way to differentiate the main stratum from the minor strata, and the identification of the chronological stages of various sound strata and determine the source. There are four sections in this Chapter. 4.1 present a discussion of the initial strata including the main stratum and the other strata, 4.2 discusses the main stratum and some minor strata of the finals. 4.3 discusses the tonal strata, 4.4 is a summary of the sound changes in Zaomin Yao including general method of identifying the most possible one from the shift chains acquired from comparative studies, on the devioicing of obstruents in Old Yao, discussion on the sound change arj> (?)(?),on the sound change of i:(?)>ia(?), evidence of internal reconstruction and historical comparison proves that the implosives in Yao come from the prenaslized stop intitials of Old Miao-Yao.更多还原