西双版纳生态保护法律问题研究

【作者】 陈小华；

【导师】 徐中起；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族法学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 环境保护问题作为人类社会发展中的一个重要问题,日益得到人们的重视,对其进行调整的环境法也成为我国法制建设中非常重要的领域。特别是在民族自治地方,如何在保护环境的前提下,利用有限的自然资源发展当地的经济,提高当地居民的生活水平,将直接影响到这些地方的经济建设与发展水平,因此,在民族自治地方加强环境法制建设成为了一个关键的问题。本文通过研究特定地区的生态保护法律问题,将为完善环境法制建设,为有效地预防破坏生态环境的行为和恢复生态环境提供有益借鉴。本文的写作围绕西双版纳生态保护的法律问题进行,探讨生态习惯法的传承,及其与现代法治的冲突与融合,个案与生态保护中的法律变迁等问题。通过研究在国家环境法制统一的大背景下,西双版纳传统生态观念的变迁、当地居民主动或被动接受现代法制的熏陶和洗礼过程,提出为了使生态环境不再恶化、恢复原有的生态环境,西双版纳只有坚持走生态与发展并重的道路,重拾原有的生态知识、重建原有的生态理念,完善环境保护的法律和政策,才能从多种途径恢复生态环境,保护生态环境；从生态保护和人的生存、发展中找到二者的结合点,才能真正实现人与自然的和谐发展。本文包括导论、正文和结语等内容。导论部分介绍了本文的选题意义、文献综述、基本概念的界定等内容。正文包括六章内容。第一章,西双版纳的生态环境及其变化。主要简述西双版纳的生态环境,并对近40年西双版纳生态环境的变化及其原因作了分析和探讨。造成西双版纳生态环境恶化的主要原因是：人口的增长,带来土地承载力的下降；经济利益的驱使；国家法与文化传承的失位。第二章,国家法对西双版纳生态环境的保护。主要从立法上探讨国家法和地方性法规对西双版纳生态环境的保护,并分析了取得的成绩和存在的问题。第三章,西双版纳生态习惯法对生态环境的保护。主要从生态规范中的禁忌及规定,保护生态的习惯法规定等角度探讨生态习惯法对西双版纳生态环境的保护,并阐述了西双版纳生态习惯法具有教育、维护集体利益、保护生物多样性等多种重要功能。第四章,西双版纳田野调查中的个案分析。通过最近两年笔者到西双版纳进行田野调查搜集的资料,整理的笔录,从对森林的保护、对野生动物的保护、对周围生态环境的认知、习惯法的变迁等内容进行个案分析。第五章,生态习惯法与现代环境法律机制建设的关系。通过分析国家法对习惯法的吸收,习惯法对国家法制的认同和补充等问题,探讨现代法制背景下生态习惯法的主要功能。第六章,完善西双版纳生态保护法律制度。西双版纳的生态保护法律建设应该兼顾发展和保护,在保护的同时合理利用自然资源。需要重视地方性知识、重构生态理念,完善立法、执法和生态补偿等法律制度,加强公众参与和生态保护的国际合作,从而建设环境友好型社会。结语主要观点：西双版纳生态环境保护的主要目的在于实现人与自然的和谐发展,因此需要通过国家法制和习惯法的结合,依靠政策制定者和当地政府、居民的共同努力才能达到生态保护的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental protection is one of the vital issues in current society; environmental law is a very important area in the construction of China’s current legal system. As for the national autonomous regions, how to use the limited natural resources to develop the local economy and improve the living standards of local residents at the premise of protecting the environment, the construction of environmental law system has become a key issue. To improve and perfect the system of environmental protection law by studying the ecological protection of specific areas will provide a useful reference for effectively preventing the environment from being destroyed and for restoring the ecological environment.This dissertation deals with the legal issues of ecological protection in Xishuangbanna, which includes the discussion of the transmission of ecological customary law and its accommodation and conflict with the modern conception of rule of law, the relations between cases and the legal changes in ecological protection,etc. Through the studying of the process of the transition of traditional ecological conception in Xishuangbanna in the context of unification of national environmental law, and local residents accept the modern idea of rule of law actively or passively,we propose that in order to stop the deterioration of ecological environment and restore the original ecological environment, Xishuangbanna should adhere the principle of the equal importance of ecological protection and development. Restore the original ecological knowledges, reconstruct the original ecological concept, and improve the environmental law and policy, develop various patterns of ecological protection to restore the ecological environment; thus, the harmonious development between man and nature can be realized through the combination of ecological protection and human existence.This dissertion includes three sections:the introduction, main body and the conclusion.Introductory section describes the significance of the topic, selected works of literature review and the basic definition of the concept,etc.The main body of the dissertation includes five chapters:ChapterⅠ:The ecological environment and its changes in Xishuangbanna. It’s mainly about the general picture of ecological environment in Xishuangbanna and the changes of ecological environment in the past 40 years. The reasons of those changes were analyzed and discussed:environmental degradation is mainly due to population growth, which brings down the carrying capacity of land; the pressing need of economic interests; the absence of state law and the missing inheriting of cultural heritage.ChapterⅡ:The state law protection of ecological environment in Xishuangbanna. It Mainly discusses the national laws and local regulations on ecological protection in Xishuangbanna from legislative perspective.ChapterⅢ:The customary law on the ecological environmental protection in Xishuangbanna. It inquires the traditional customary law on ecological protection in Xishuangbanna from the perspective of the taboos in ecological norms and the rules concerned with the protection of ecological environment in customary law, which can also make it clear that the ecological customary law has the functions of education, maintenance of collective interests and the conservation of biological diversity,etc.ChapterⅣ:The case study of the field work in Xishuangbanna. Based on the collected data and organized transcripts in the fieldworks that I have done in the past two years, I analyze ecological protection in Xishuangbanna from the perspective of trees, wild animals, changes of the ecological awareness, dispute resolution and other ecological content in customary law.ChapterⅤ:The relations between ecological customary law and the system of environmental law. It inquires about functions of ecological customary law in the context of modern legal system through the dual interactive perspective, which includes the assimilation of customary law by the national law and the recognition and supplements for national law by customary law. The conclusion section presents that the main purpose of ecological and environmental protection in Xishuangbanna is to achieve harmonious development between man and nature, which need to rely on a combination of national law and customary law, the rationality of policy makers and the actions of local government and people.更多还原