节点文献
现代汉语嵌入式预制语块研究
【作者】 孟德腾；
【导师】 丁石庆；
【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2011， 博士
【摘要】 现代汉语嵌入式预制语块数量可观,既有封闭性又有开放性,集中体现了语言创造性和习用性相结合的特点,非常有必要进行深入研究。本文以三个平面的语法观为基本研究框架,在对现代汉语嵌入式预制语块的基本特征详细描写的基础上,重点揭示该类语言单位的内在语义机制和语用特征。全文共分五章。第一章为导论。本章确定了研究对象并阐明研究意义。论文在综述语块研究的基础上,对国内现代汉语嵌入式预制语块的研究成果作了梳理。文章认为嵌入式预制语块研究的兴起直接取决于两个原因,一是认知语言学背景下语块研究自身的发展；二是国内对外汉语教学实践的内在需求。国内嵌入式预制语块研究不断成熟和深入并取得了较为丰硕的成果,但总体来看,语块的研究主要集中在外语教学方面,呈现出零散、不太深入的特点,汉语语块研究也并不成系统,特别是现代汉语中的嵌入式预制语块仍然存在着一系列亟待解决的问题,有着较大的挖掘空间。本章并简要介绍了本文的研究方法及语料来源。第二章为嵌入式预制语块的界定、分类及特点。本章主要是在语块的基础上进一步对嵌入式预制语块作了概念界定,分别从构成成分、结构和使用频率等角度探讨了其主要特点,并与其它类似结构作了划分。文章把嵌入式预制语块划分为语汇、语汇---句法以及句法三个层面。本章重点探讨了仿拟性嵌入式预制语块的衍生途径和变异类型及义控变异机制。第三章为嵌入式预制语块的语义特征。论文从嵌入式预制语块的语义透明度入手,把嵌入式预制语块的语义透明度划分为三个不同的梯次：完全透明型、透明——隐晦型、语义隐晦型,同时探讨了嵌入式预制语块框架中嵌入项语义的变化,包括泛化、虚化和扩容等。本章还从构式理论出发分析了嵌入式预制语块的感情色彩类型,并结合具体语言事实对构式中的语义压制与互动进行阐述。此外参考格式塔完型理论对嵌入式预制语块的语义建构作了研究。第四章为嵌入式预制语块的语用修辞价值。本章针对嵌入式预制语块“有一种A叫B”和“(NP)V的不是N1, (而)是N2”的辞格化进行了个案研究,并探讨了语境在嵌入式预制语块理解中的作用,以新兴的表被动嵌入式预制语块“被…”和别具特色的ABB嵌入式预制语块为例,阐述了近年来一些新出现的嵌入式预制语块对现代汉语语法的影响,反映出“用法先于语法”的观点。第五章为浑沌语言学视角下的嵌入式预制语块。本章以浑沌语言学理论为指导,着重从有序与无序角度论述了嵌入式新语块“做人不能太……”衍生的个案分析,并结合嵌入式语块语义理解的非线性特征对《现代汉语词典》中个别嵌入式预制语块的释义提出不同见解。
【Abstract】 In modern Chinese there are great number of prefabricated language chunks, which have both closeness and openness. These language chunks embody the language creativity and habitually use, so it is necessary to study them deeply. Based on the basic research framework of three-level grammar theory and the detailed description of modern Chinese embedded prefabricated chunks characteristics, this dissertation mainly reveals the inner semantic mechanism and pragmatic features of such language units. The dissertation is divided into five chapters.The first chapter is the introduction, which defines the research object and illustrates the research significance. On the basis of the study of chunks in China, this dissertation summarizes the studies of modern Chinese embedded prefabricated language chunks. The paper argues that the rise of embedded prefabricated chunks research directly depends on two reasons:one is the development of chunks under the background of the cognitive linguistics research, while the other is the internal demand of teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The research of embedded prefabricated chunks in China continuously goes deeper and has achieved great progress, but in general, the study is mainly in the field of language teaching, which presents the scattered and unsystematic characteristics. It is of the same case for the study of Chinese language chunks. Some problems are to be solved especially in the modern Chinese embedded prefabricated language chunks. So there are and have great space for further study. This chapter briefly introduces the research method and the corpora sources.The second chapter is the definition, classification and features for embedded prefabricated chunks. From the composition, structure and use frequency etc, this chapter focuses on the characteristics of embedded prefabricated language chunks and then differentiates them with other similar structures. This dissertation divides the embedded prefabricated chunks into three levels:vocabulary, vocabulary-syntax and syntax. This Chapter discusses the derivative way of parodying embedded prefabricated chunks and the semantic control variation mechanism.The third chapter discussed the semantic characteristics of embedded prefabricated chunks. Beginning from the study of semantic transparency, this chapter divides the embedded prefabricated chunks into three phases: completely transparent type, transparent-obscure type and obscure type. This chapter discussed semantic changes of the embedded prefabricated chunks, including intensification and falsified and expansion, etc. Under the reference of the constructive theory, this chapter also discusses emotional color of embedded prefabricated chunks and analyzes the semantic suppress type and interactive. In addition, by using the gestalt theory a tentative study on semantic construction of embedded prefabricated chunks to synthesis is also made in this chapterChapter four is about pragmatic rhetorical value of embedded prefabricated chunks. Case studies about rhetoric pattern of“有一种A叫B"and"(NP)V的不是N1,(而)是N2" is studied in this chapter. Chapter four also discusses the role of the context in understanding embedded prefabricated chunks. At the same time by analyzing the newly-coined embedded prefabricated language chunks“被...”and exceptional ABB, the chapter points out that some new embedded prefabricated chunks which influence modern Chinese in recent years. All of these reflect the view of usage preceding grammar.Chapter five is about the study of embedded prefabricated chunks from chaos linguistics theory. From the perspective of order and disorder, this chapter discusses the embedded prefabricated chunk"做人不能太……”.Combining the nonlinear characteristics of embedded chunks, the paper analyzes the semantic understanding of embedded prefabricated chunk in the Contemporary Chinese Dictionary.