民族院校办学特色发展研究

【作者】 吕佩臣；

【导师】 苏德；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族教育， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 我国高等教育在国际化、大众化和市场化的发展进程中,高等院校间竞争日趋激烈的态势下,我国民族院校也出现了与全国普通高校一样出现了“千校一面”的现象,民族院校“去特色化”的趋势严重。民族院校办学特色建设与发展开始成为社会各界普遍关注的一个理论和实践问题。民族院校办学特色问题、及其研究和建设,不仅关系到办出提高民族院校办学质量和办学水平,甚至关系到民族院校的健康发展和未来生存走向。在此背景下,本文借助教育学及其他学科理论、应用人类学和社会学研究方法,以内蒙古民族院校为例,针对民族院校办学特色发展进行了理论研究、实证研究和对策研究。首先,目前在学术界尚未形成权威、普遍得到认可的大学办学特色研究理论和方法。本文主要借助哲学,文化认知心理学、民族教育二元性理论、教育内外规律理论、生态位原理、混沌学理论和方法进行了民族院校办学特色发展的基础理论研究,在大学办学特色的理论研究上进行的有益尝试和探索。研究内容主要包括：根据办学特色各形成因素在民族院校办学特色发展中所发挥的作用,将其划分为内部形成因素和外部影响因素,构建了民族院校办学特色形成因素体系；明确阐明了现代性与民族性特色内涵在民族院校办学特色发展中的核心位置及作用；理论上演绎推出,民族院校办学特色发展是在教育内外部规律、特色内外部因素相互作用下,按照自身发展逻辑发展的必然结果；在此基础上,对民族院校办学特色发展进行了理论分析,探析了民族院校办学特色发展的三个理论模型：特色持续性发展理论模型、特色路径选择性发展理论模型和特色程序性发展理论模型。其次,目前关于大学办学特色研究一般集中在对大学办学特色的总结、表层梳理,而专著和硕博论文相对稀少,对民族院校办学特色的研究就更为匮乏,理论研究和实证研究几乎处于空白阶段。本文以内蒙古民族院校为例,进行了关于民族院校特色发展的实证研究,使整个研究建立在定性研究和定量研究的基础上,增加了研究的效度和信度。实证研究的基础建立在对内蒙古民族院校发展历程的回顾、属性和特征的归结、办学特色发展的SWOT分析等内容上,主要结论是：民族院校的社会功能不仅拥有现代大学所具有的“人才培养、科学研究和社会服务”三项基本社会功能,还具有其政治属性所决定的民族团结与发展的政治功能、文化属性所决定的民族文化传承功能；对内蒙古民族院校特色发展的SWOT分析结果表明,民族院校在人才培养、科学研究、社会服务等层级的特色因素具有特色发展的优势的同时与劣势相伴,主要集中在学科建设、师资队伍、学生质量、双语教学等方面。实证研究主要采用观察、问卷调查和深度访谈、座谈等田野调查方法,对内蒙古民族院校办学特色发展现实状态,即特色形成因素的出色程度,建设主体的参与程度,及特色价值等进行了定量研究。最后,在对内蒙古民族院校办学特色属性、特征分析,发展现实中的优势及劣势的分析,以及实证研究的基础上,根据民族院校办学特色发展规律,对民族院校办学特色发展策略选择原则、集中的领域及内容进行了探讨,结论为：必须依据民族院校办学特色形成规律来选择办学特色发展策略,办学特色发展策略主要包括：外部空问扩展策略、内部自主发展策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the internationalization, popularization, and marketization of high education in China, the competition between universities gradually turns serious, and the ethnic universities and other common universities appear the phenomenon of characteristic convergence or de-characteristic, which has become one of theoretical and practical problems attracted attentions of various social circles. The characteristic research and construction of ethnic university not only relate to the educational level and quality, but also the successfully development and trend of ethnic university. On the basis of other fields’theories, this thesis made a case study on ethnic universities of Inner Mongolia, and the studies on theories and counter measures of ethnic universities by the means of anthropology and sociology.Firstly, for not having formed commonly approved authentic theories about characteristic development of universities, this thesis fulfilled the theoretical research work by the theories and methods of philosophy, cultural cognitive psychology, two-natures of ethnic education, inside and outside regulations of education, ecological sites, and chaotic theories. The characteristic forming factors will be divided into internal constructive factors and external influential factors, for their different functions of in the characteristic development of ethnic universities. The modern and ethnic characteristics are clearly illustrated as core contents in the characteristic development of ethnic university. One hypothesis is theoretically deducted that characteristic of ethnic university is reasonably developing under the internal and external regulations, between the interactions of internal and external characteristic factors. Three regulations are inducted as the regulation of characteristic persistent developing, regulation of characteristic route-selected developing, and regulation of characteristic routing-process developing. Secondly, for there are not deeply academic researches, and nearly a margin in theoretical and practical researches about characteristic developing of ethnic universities, this thesis made a case study on ethnic universities of Inner Mongolia, making this study on the basis of qualitative and quantitative researching to guarantee its creditability and effectiveness. Basing on reviewing the developing history, inducting natures and features, and SWOT analysis of advantage and disadvantage in ethnic universities of Inner Mongolia, the conclusions of this case study is like the followings. The ethnic university has not only three basic social functions of talent cultivation, scientific study and social service, but also the political and culture-transmitting functions. In characteristic development of ethnic universities, the advantages accompanying with disadvantages essentially display in subjects, teachers, students, bilingual teachings and so on. By the field researching methods, such as observation, questionnaire, interview etc., the quantitative research is made to study the status of characteristic development of ethnic university, including the outstanding degree of characteristic forming factors, involving degree of teachers and students, and the values of characteristic development.At last, on account of case study and theoretical researching about characteristic development of ethnic universities, the counter-measure study is made, and the conclusions are like the followings:the characteristic developing strategies should be selected according to the regulations of characteristic developing. Two categories strategies are recommend as the strategies for characteristic expanding in external space, and the strategies for characteristic autonomous developing within internal system.更多还原