工厂家园

【作者】 李晓非；

【导师】 张海洋；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 开始于上世纪九十年代的以建立“现代企业制度”为目标的中国大规模公有制企业改制,道路曲折坎坷。近二十年来,这项付出了让大量城镇居民骤然陷入贫困、引发建国以来最为激烈的工人运动和导致大规模“公有资产流失”等沉重代价的改革措施,一直处于各种质疑之中。有关这项变革的讨论大多来自经济学界。最近十年来,社会学家们以“善后者”的角色进入该研究领域——公有制改制企业职工们的困难处境直接推动了中国当代社会保障体系的建立。经济学家和社会学家的努力并没有让人们清晰的了解公有制企业改制受损职工群体为何有那般强烈的被剥夺感,也没有对改善该群体的状况拿出真正有效的应对办法。本文作者认为,只能通过“主位”的观察,辨析出公有制企业改制受损职工群体的切实需求,进而对症施政,才有可能对这两个问题予以连根拔起的解释。本研究就是以此思路为指导,对这两个问题的理解和应对做出的些许努力。本研究通过对一个曾经鲜活的国有企业——中州市Z厂,以及Z厂职工群体的田野调查,结合学术前辈对该厂丰硕的前期研究成果,整理出Z厂在存续的五十余年间的工厂和“工厂家园”变迁民族志,进而引入一个社会学和人类学的分析概念——“家园",用以解析围绕Z厂家园在国有企业改制前后所发生的一系列故事背后的基本动力和原因。全文包括绪论及五个章节。绪论部分阐述了本文的研究缘由和意义,以及研究历程和相关文献。第一章描述了Z厂家园的基本面貌。包含Z厂发展历程、生产与管理、工厂职工等工厂民族志的基本内涵,并以Z厂职工的话语,牵扯出Z厂家园的引子。第二章分别以“地域、物质、文化和历史”四个维度,对Z厂职工心中的家园内涵进行解析,并在最后一节特别强调Z厂资产在Z厂家园内涵中的特殊意义。第三章描述了Z厂家园解体后Z厂职工所遭遇的困境和恢复家园的努力,并对其基本原因予以分析。第四章以Z厂和Z厂职工为例,对公有制企业改制和公有制企业家园的丧失进行反思,进而提出建设原公有制企业职工新家园的建议。第五章引入一个具有人类学和社会学解析力的概念——家园,对此概念的内涵进行辨析,并指出其在解释当代中国发展过程中的一些突出现象时可以显现的力量,例如农地征用、城市拆迁、少数民族地区发展等等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese SOE(state-owned enterprises) reform which targeted establishing a modern enterprise system has begun in a large-scale in the 90s of last century along with many difficulties. In the last two decades, this reform measures which paid a heavy price, such as a large number of urban residents falling into sudden poverty, the intense labor movement and the "loss of public assets", have been criticized in the press.Much of the discussion about this change comes from economic circles. In recent 10 years, the Sociologists has come into this field as a "rehabilitation staff"——they established Chinese contemporary social security system to save the poverty workers who had been frustrated by SOE reform. But the Sociologists and economists’efforts did not give a clear understanding of why the groups of workers has so many sense of deprivation, and the experts also did not find out the truly effective ways to improve the situation of the workers.In this dissertation, the author believes that the only method to identify the groups of workers’practical needs is the path through the "etic" of observation.Taking a case study on Z factory, a once state-owned enterprise in Zhongzhou city, the author made a change ethnography of this "factory homeland "in the past fifty years based on the field research of associated workers and the plenty of the past academic studies.Then the gateway of "homeland" was introduced as a sociological and anthropological concept to analyze the stories of Z factory before and after Chinese SOE reform.This dissertation is devided into six parts as follows.Preface describes the reason and significance of this study, the study history and literature review.Chapter 1 reviews the general information of the Z factory based on the full description on its development process, production and management, workers, etc.Chapter 2 analyzs the contents of the Z factory homeland by four dimensions:"geographical, physical, cultural and historical".Chapter 3 describes the workers’puzzle after the disintegration of Z factory homeland and their recovery efforts, and then figures out the relative causes.Chapter 4 reflects the Chinese SOE reform and the loss of the state-owned enterprise homeland, and then propose the suggestions on building the new homeland of former SOE workers.Chapter 5 starts with the thought on the "factory homeland" and ends with the concept of "homeland". The implication of this concept can be adopted to interpret a certain number of urgent phenomena in the process of contemporary China development, including acquisition of agricultural land, urban house demolition, and the development of minority areas, etc.更多还原