【作者】 高雷；

【导师】 张陆彪；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 粮食问题与国家社会和谐、政治稳定、经济可持续发展息息相关,一些国家投入大量的粮食生产生物燃料,造成全球粮食需求逐渐增长,全球范围内出现了粮食供需紧平衡现象。作为人口大国,中国的粮食安全问题在世界粮食安全体系中显得尤为重要,粮食安全问题始终是中国政府农业政策关键目标。水稻是我国第一大粮食作物,是“口粮”自给的重要保证。我国农业基础设施相对落后且水资源短缺趋势短期内难以逆转,抵御自然灾害风险的能力还较弱,水稻生产容易出现大起大落的危险。这些外在因素主要是通过内化到水稻种植户生产行为上影响水稻产量,水稻产量和质量的高低很大程度上取决于水稻种植户生产行为。本研究以水稻种植户为研究对象,基于柯布道格拉斯生产函数的要素投入角度研究水稻种植户生产行为。首先运用柯布道格拉斯生产函数对水稻生产的投入产出情况进行计量分析,将柯布道格拉斯生产要素投入主要分为技术、劳动力投入、资金投入,技术投入角度我们选择了分析水稻种植户品种采纳行为,对品种采纳行为过程及其影响因素进行定性和计量分析;劳动力投入研究我们选择分析水稻种植户在种植过程中各主要关键节点所投入的家庭自有劳动力的数量,对水稻种植户劳动力投入影响因素进行计量分析;资金投入我们选择了分析水稻种植户是否进行固定生产性投资和生产性投资规模的多少,并对固定生产性投资发生可能性和生产性投资规模影响因素进行计量分析;通过这三方面,运用黑龙江地区水稻种植户调研数据研究水稻种植户生产行为特点及其影响因素。本研究结果表明:在同等技术条件下,考虑到劳动力投入与资本投入的替代效应,农户增加劳动力投入对水稻亩产量影响为负值;水稻种植户品种采纳行为决策过程主要分为以下五个步骤:问题识别、需要和欲望、信息搜寻与技术评价、选择与采纳、采纳后感受及其下一轮决策,优质水稻品种采纳在决策过程中处于有利地位;水稻种植户品种采纳行为外部主要受农村文化和价值观念、农户所处的社会阶层、农村基层组织、农业推广服务体系影响,内部主要受农户的文化素质、农户自身对新技术的态度的影响;教育年限、水稻种植规模、亩产量、是否外出务工、是否参加相关技术培训对水稻种植户采纳优质水稻品种影响显著正相关,家庭房屋价值对水稻种植户采纳优质水稻品种影响显著负相关;投入来说,地块细碎化程度、地块平均离家距离、家庭年收入结构对农户亩均劳动力影响显著正相关,家庭平均教育水平、农户家庭人均种植水稻面积、家庭是否拥有大型生产器械对农户亩均劳动力影响显著负相关;家庭规模、家庭平均教育水平、耕地面积、家庭经营收入、稻米最低收购价格期望度对水稻种植户是否发生固定生产性资金投入影响显著正相关,非农就业比例、信贷水平对水稻种植户是否发生固定生产性资金投入影响显著负相关;家庭规模、非农就业比例、耕地面积、家庭经营收入、信贷水平、稻米最低收购价格期望度对水稻种植户生产性投资规模影响显著正相关,家庭平均教育水平、家庭住房价值、是否发生灾害对对水稻种植户生产性投资影响显著负相关。根据上述结论,本文提出以下几条政策建议:一是加强农村义务教育,广泛开展农民职业培训,努力提高水稻种植户的教育水平;二是加快农业经营方式转变,在尊重农民意愿的前提下,鼓励水稻种植户进行土地流转,实现土地资源优化配置,形成适度规模经营;三是推动水稻种植技术和品种改良研究,引导农户种植优质水稻品种;四是加大水稻生产支持保护力度,提高稻米最低收购价格;五是促进水稻种植户剩余劳动力转移,拓宽就业信息发布渠道,创造劳动力转移就业条件,提高农民非农收入;六是健全农村金融服务体系,确保水稻种植户生产性资金投入供给。更多还原

【Abstract】 Food security is closely related with social harmony, political stability and sustainable economic development of our country. Some countries consumed a lot of grains to produce biofuel, resulting in increasing demand for grain across the globe and relative short supply of grain. As the most populous country, China’s food security issue is of great importance in the international food security system, which made the food security issue a key objective in China’s agricultural policy system. Rice is of the largest growing area in China, an important guarantee of food self-sufficiency. The backward agricultural infrastructure, tight water supply, and weak capability to resist natural disasters, make rice production face unstable yields. These external factors mainly influence rice yield by affecting farmers’production behaviors, which determine rice yield to a large extent.Taking rice farmers as the study subject, this paper analyzes farmers’production behaviors on the basis of Cobb-Douglas production function. First, the paper applies Cobb-Douglas production function to conduct econometric analysis of the input and output of rice production by classifying production factors into technology, labor and capital. From the technological angle, this paper analyzes the variety adoption behavior of rice farmers by analyzing the process and influential factors both qualitatively and econometrically; from the labor perspective, this paper studies the quantity of own labor in key production processes by analyzing the influential factors econometrically; from the capital angle, this paper studies whether farmers conduct fixed capital investments and the scale by analyzing the possibilities and influential factors econometrically. From the above three perspectives, this paper studies the characteristics and influential factors of rice farmers’production behavior by using surveyed data on the household level.This study shows that: under the equivalent technological conditions, the increase of farmers’own labors has negative influence on rice yield; rice farmers’variety adoption process incorporates five procedures: identification of issues, demand and desire, information searching and technology appraisal, choice and adoption, and adoption feeling and next round of decision-making, which showed that the adoption of quality rice variety is in favorable condition during the decision-making process; variety adoption behavior of rice farmers is mainly influenced by external factors including rural cultural and value concepts, farmers’social status, rural grass-root organizations, agricultural promotion and service system, and internal factors including farmers’educational level, farmers’attitude towards new technologies; educational year, rice planting area, yield, off-farm job, relevant technical training have positive correlation with farmers’adoption of quality rice varieties, while farmers’house value has negative correlation; For labor input, land fragmentation, average distance from land to farmers’house, yearly income pattern have positive correlation with farmers’labor input per mu, while average family educational level, per capita rice area, whether family has large production equipment have negative correlation; family scale, average family educational level, cultivation area, family operational income, minimum purchase price expectation have positive correlation with the occurrence of fixed productive investment, while off-farm job ratio, credit level have negative correlation; family scale, while off-farm job ratio, cultivation area, family operational income, credit level, minimum purchase price expectation have positive correlation with the scale of fixed productive investment, while average family educational level, farmers’house value, disaster have negative correlation.Based on the above conclusions, this paper puts forwards the following policy suggestions: first, strengthen rural compulsory education, extensively conduct occupational training for farmers, make endeavors to raise the educational level of rice farmers; second, speed up the transformation of agricultural operational mode, by respecting farmers’willingness, encourage rice farmers to conduct land circulation to realize the optimized allocation of land resources and moderate-scale operation; third, promote research on rice planting technology and variety improvement, guide farmers to plant quality rice varieties; fourth, reinforce support and protection of rice production, raise minimum rice purchase price; fifth, promote the surplus labor transfer of rice farmers, broaden the releasing channel of employment information, create employment conditions for migrant labors to increase famers’off-farm income; sixth, improve rural financial service system, guarantee the capital supply for productive investment of rice farmers.更多还原