【作者】 李玉堂；

【导师】 唐守正； 范文义；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 森林经理学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 森林资源数据获取与更新是森林资源调查永恒的主题,从有森林调查开始,森林调查从业者对获取准确的森林资源数据进行不懈的努力。从全林每木到抽样调查,从样地调查到角规抽样,从对坡勾绘到航片的应用,从航片到卫片,从手工制图到地理信息的应用,从罗盘配合地形图定位到GPS手持机和PDA的应用等,无不表明森林资源空间数据的获取手段的提高和调查数据精度的提高。本研究采取理论和实践紧密相结合的技术路线,主要是应用“3S”技术,对在森林资源空间数据的采集和更新的实际工作遇到的具体问题做了一些研究来提高数据采集和更新的效率,主要内容如下：1采用以Visual Basic6.0为开发平台,对MapInfo Professional进行集成开发,实现非地理要素的结合,发挥了工具型地理信息系统的长处又弥补了属性数据编辑能力不强的弱点。2通过地理信息属性数据录入的研究,实现了数据的双模式输入,即代码输入和下拉框选择输入,实现了华表组件的数据和地图窗口的互动,编辑小班属性的同时可以看到小班的图形数据以及小班范围内的遥感影像,克服了小班图形数据和属性数据”张冠李戴”的现象。3将森林资源空间数据的采集工作分解到林班,能够使每一个工作人员完成自己的内业工作,对提高森林资源空间数据的准确性,提高数据采集的速度和质量。4针对具有一个控制点的图像研究出图像单点配准的方法,简化了图像配准的过程,提高了工作效率。5应用地形数据(DEM)直接完成小班的立地条件数据填写,提高了准确性。应用DEM数据制作成的晕渲地形林相图,直接具有立体效果,形成新一代的地形林相图。方便林业基层工作人员读图和调查人员区划立地类型小班。6 GPS数据提供的地理数据为森林资源空间图形数据采集和更新提供了准确的数据源,这些数据是巨大的信息财富。本研究提供了利用这些数据的方法,在实际生产中得到广泛引用,取得了很好的效果。7采用局部矢量化的方法,利用三类调查数据对森林资源空间数据的更新,扭转了现实森林资源管理中,数据“1年清、2年变、3年乱”的被动局面。8森林资源空间数据的主要来源是遥感数据,对两期的TM影像进行比较可以发现该时间段的森林变化情况,对这些变化的发现可以使森林调查有的放矢,提高森林调查的质量。本研究通过两期影像NDVI差值的分布,来确定两期的资源变化,取得了很好的效果,在实践中有指导作用。9将样地数据进行矢量化管理,将样木的真实空间分布进行描述,实现森林资源空间数据一体化管理,实现抽样调查体系和目测现地调查体系的结合。通过这些数据完成检查小班的调查质量,计算精度,两套调查体系进行比估等工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest resources data acquisition and updating is the eternal theme of forest resources survey. From the beginning of the forest survey, the practitioners take the effort to obtain accurate forest resources data on. From measurement of every tree to sampling, from investigation at opposite high place to application of aerial photo, from application of aerial photo to satellite images, from hand drawings to GIS applications, from application of topographic map with a compass to application of GPS and PDA, all that means to enhance and improve the accuracy of survey data. This study takes technical route of combining theory and practice, mean to apply "3S" technology to solve the problem which meets in the actual work of spatial data collection and updating to improve efficiency, mainly as follows:1 Using the Visual Basic6.0 as development platform and taking the integrated development of MapInfo Professional to achieve a combination of geographical and non-geographical factors to make up weaknesses of the attribute data editing capability.2 From the study of dual-mode realization of the data input, that is, the code input and the drop-down box to select input, to achieve data in the Cell component and map window interactive link. At the same time you can see small graphical data and small range of remote sensing image, to overcome the small graphic data and attribute data mismatch phenomenon.3 Breaking down the work of the collection of spatial data to compartment, so that each staff member to can complete their own work to improve the accuracy, speed and quality of data collection.4 Developed single-point image registration method, simplifies the process of image registration, improved work efficiency.5 Acquired terrain factor data by the Application of terrain data (DEM) to improve the accuracy. From the Application of DEM data to made Shaded Relief forest map, it directly indicates the three-dimensional effect, it is a new generation of terrain forest map.6 GPS data to provide accurate geographical data for spatial forest data collection and updating of graphics. This study provides a method of using these data in the actual production has been widely quoted, and achieved very good results.7 Using the data of three types of forest resources survey, to update spatial data bya local vectorization, reversing the reality of forest resource management, data "the first year clear, the second year change, the third year chaos" state.8 Remote sensing data is the major source of spatial data of forest resources. Comparing the TM images of two period time can find the forest resources changes. The change can be the target place to improve the quality of forest inventory. In this study, the distribution of NDVI to determine two of the resource changes achieved very good results.9 To manage the data of sample plot by the way of vecor is the right method to describe the spatial data truly, combined two survey system of sample field investigation and visual estimate system.更多还原