【作者】 辛颖；

【导师】 赵雨森；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 本论文以阿什河上游孙荣沟天然次生林小流域和光明沟人工林小流域为研究对象,选择具有代表性的主要林分类型,对不同界面层(冠层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层)的水文过程进行了对比研究,比较分析天然次生林小流域和人工林小流域水文生态特征的差异,主要结论如下：(1)在研究时段内天然次生林小流域和人工林小流域内的各林分林冠层的穿透雨量都是随降雨量的增大呈递增趋势。天然次生林小流域内近熟林的截留量和截留率低于成熟林。人工林小流域内硬阔混交林的的截留量和截留率小于针叶林。(2)天然次生林小流域与人工林小流域枯枝落叶层的持水率和持水量差别较大。成熟林3枯枝落叶层的自然持水率和自然持水量最大,而成熟林4枯枝落叶层的自然持水率、自然持水量和最大持水量在天然次生林四个样地中却是最小。人工林小流域樟子松人工林和硬阔混交林枯枝落叶层的自然持水量比较接近。(3)天然次生林小流域近熟林平均土壤容重大于成熟林。成熟林平均毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、吸持贮水量和饱和贮水量大于近熟林。人工林小流域内硬阔混交林的土壤容重低于3种人工林,平均毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、吸持贮水量和饱和贮水量大于针叶林。天然次生林小流域内各样地土壤的稳渗时间都较长的。人工林小流域内4个样地之间土壤渗透能力差别较大。天然次生林小流域4种林型的土壤含水量均值均随土层深度的增加而降。人工林小流域内4种林型土壤含水量均值均随土层深度的增加而降低。(4)天然次生林小流域内各主要树种在生长季内,蒸腾强度随时间的变化差异较大,其中两种主要树种水曲柳和蒙古栎的蒸腾强度变化差异较为明显。人工林小流域内硬阔混交林的蒸腾强度和蒸腾量大于针叶林。天然次生林小流域土壤平均蒸发强度和蒸发量按照大小排序为：近熟林1>成熟林3>成熟林4>近熟林2。人工林小流域内的不同林型平均土壤蒸发强度大小顺序为：硬阔混交林>红松人工林>兴安落叶松人工林>樟子松人工林。(5)在研究时段内,天然次生林小流域的林内积雪深度与林外降雪变化趋势基本一致。在2009年1月至3月,林内的雪密度都大于林外的雪密度。在研究时段内,近熟林1、近熟林2和成熟林4林内的雪密度变化趋势基本一致。人工林小流域积雪深度存在明显差异。硬阔混交林、兴安落叶松人工林和林外积雪深度明显高于樟子松人工林和红松人工林。小流域内各林分对雪密度的影响差异不大,雪密度随时间变化曲线基本类似。(6)对两个小流域进行对比分析发现,天然次生林生态用水量较小,涵养水源功能较强,是水源地适宜的林分类型。人工林小流域的落叶松人工林生态用水量较大,降雨多用于土壤水分的补偿,不利于流域的产流。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rekationship of interaction between forest and water is the key topic of forest hydrology. On the basis of studying the secondary forest and artificial forest small watershed in the upper reaches of Ashihe river, the hydrological process of diffrernt interfaced (canopy layer, litter layer and soil layer) for vegetations and characteristics for water conservation have been analyzed.Conclusions are as follows:(1) The throughfall of secondary forest and artificial forest small watershed all increased as the rainfall rose. The throughfall ratio of mature forest in secondary forest small watershed was more than nearly mature forest. The stemflow of artificial forest small watershed increased as the rainfall rose. The rainfall interception of secondary forest small watershed was more in June than other months. The rainfall interception and ratio of Pinus koraiensis plantation were the most.(2) The water holding capacity and water retention rate of plot3 in secondary forest small watershed were the highest, and that of plot 4 were the lowest. The nature water retention rate of five plots was similar in artificial forest small watershed.(3) The vertical change of soil density of plotl and plot4 in secondary forest small watershed obviously increased with the depth. The average soil density was as follow:plotl> plot2> plot4> plot3. The average porosity was as follow:plot4>plot3>plot1>plot2. In artificial forest small watershed, the soil density of mixed forest was lower than other three forest. The infiltration capacity of plotl was the best in secondary forest small watershed. The infiltration capacity of Larix gmelinii plantation was the best in artificial forest small watershed.(4) The vertical change of soil moisture content distribution was obviously decreased with the depth in secondary forest small watershed. The vertical change of soil moisture content distribution was obviously decreased with the depth in artificial forest small watershed. The transpiration intensity of broad-leaf forests was bigger than the coniferous forests. The soil evaporation and evaporation intensity of secondary forest small watershed during growing season was in such sequence:plot1>plot3>plot4>plot2. The evaporation intensity of artificial forest small watershed was in such sequence:mixed forest> Pinus koraiensis plantation> Larix gmelinii plantation> Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation.(5) During growing season, the snow depth in secondary forest small watershed was similar with the snow outside of the forest. From January to March in 2009, the density of snow in secondary forest was higher than that outside of the forest. The snow depth in artificial forest small watershed varied significantly. The snow depth of mixed forest, Larix gmelinii plantation and outside of the forest was higher than that of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica and Pinus koraiensis plantation obviously. There were little difference on the density of snow.(6) The ecological use of water in secondary forest small watershed was lower than artificial forest small watershed. The function of water conservation of secondary forest was better, and it’s suitable as a water conservation forest.更多还原